亚洲大陆边缘沉积学研究进展(2011-2020)

近十年来,我国在亚洲大陆边缘沉积学和古海洋学研究中取得了突破性进展.在空间上,对北起拉普捷夫海、南至孟加拉湾的广大海域进行了沉积物调查取样,开展了跨纬度"源-汇"过程研究,建立了陆架第四纪高分辨率地层层序,初步揭示了构造运动、海平面变化、亚洲季风、海冰、海流以及人类活动等因素在不同时空尺度上对亚洲大陆边缘"源-汇"过程...     

城镇黑臭河道治理:多水塘活水链人工湿地的应用

随着现代工业的发展,城市黑臭河道问题日趋严重,严重影响了城市形象、生态环境和居民身心健康。利用多水塘活水链人工湿地技术净化江苏常州永胜河河水水质。监测结果显示:该技术使水体总氮浓度削减了92.0%、总磷浓度削减了82.9%,处理后的水体总氮、总磷含量达到地表IV类水标准。项目年处理水量约30万t,每年以较低的成本(平均水处理费用约为0.03元/t),削减总氮、总磷和氨氮量分别为1496.6 kg、176.0 kg和1408.6 kg。通过引植多种浮叶植物、挺水植物、沉水植物,该湿地修复工程为当地营造了优美的湿地景观。多水塘活水链人工湿地是集经济效益、生态效益、环境效益于一体的新型水体生态治理技术,为我国城镇黑臭河道治理提供了一条新的途径。     

宁镇扬地区不透水面增长变化监测及其增长模式分析

不透水面是衡量城市化进程的重要指标,本文以宁镇扬地区为例,引入不透水面变化轨迹、增长模式等方法,定量剖析不透水面时空演变过程.结果表明,研究时段内,在城市化进程的推动下不透水面持续扩张,研究区2015—2019年有301 km2的自然或半自然景观最终转化为不透水景观,年均增长率为0.44％;不透水面格局变化在2017年...     

未来综合导航定位技术刍议

社会的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,使得人们对位置及其相关信息的需求不断增加。未来人们对于导航定位技术的需求将是快速、高精度、高动态和无缝的。未来的综合导航定位技术主要包括单点快速高精度定位技术和特殊地区导航定位技术两大类。本文简要介绍了这两类导航定位技术的现状及今后的发展趋势。     

浙江桐庐地区上石炭统——中二叠统层序地层学研究

在生物地层及年代地层研究的基础上,对本区上石炭统至中二叠统进行了层序地层学研究,从船山组至孤峰组下部共划分了5个三级层序、13个四级层序。通过五百多个米级旋回层序的研究,认为本区海盆有台地、台盆相间及盆地3个发展阶段,并得出4—6个米级旋回层序组成一个更高级别旋回的结论。     

Comparisons of Salinity Adaptation in Terms of Growth,Body Composition,and Energy Budget in Juveniles of Rainbow and Steelhead Trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study examined the effect of different salinities(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) on the growth performance and energy budget of juveniles of two different ecotypes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout. In the 42 d experiment, fish were cultured in three replicate tanks per salinity treatment(eight fish per tank). At the end of the experiment, the growth of rainbow and steelhead trouts was significantly higher at salinities of 5 and 10, respectively, than at all other salinities. The protein, lipid and energy content of both ecotypes declined with the increase of salinity. Based on their energy budgets, the percentage of energy consumed for growth by rainbow and steelhead trouts were significantly higher at salinities of 5(34.00% ±1.69%) and 10(43.76% ± 1.29%), respectively, than at all other salinities. The percentage of energy consumed for respiration by rainbow and steelhead trouts was lower at salinities of 5(54.90% ± 1.77%) and 10(46.73% ± 0.62%), respectively, than at all other salinities. Our results indicated that the salinity adaptation ability of juvenile steelhead trout was slightly better than that of juvenile rainbow trout, and salinities of 10 and 5, respectively, were most suitable for growth of these two fishes.     

DEM地表坡向变率的向量几何计算法

作为计算坡向变率的数据基础,坡向矩阵具有方向性,以标量的方式计算带有方向属性的数据,将带来计算方式的误区及计算结果的偏差。本文以数学高斯曲面和不同黄土地貌样区5 m分辨率DEM数据为基础,针对坡向数据具有方向性的特点,设计基于数学向量的坡向变率计算方法。首先针对坡向数据进行极坐标转换,形成坡向矩阵的向量几何表达;然后以该坡向向量数据为基础来计算坡向变率;最后将本文方法的计算结果与传统标量方法的计算结果展开对比分析。试验结果显示,本文方法的坡向变率计算有效地避免了正北方向产生的极大偏差以及坡向差超过180°时的不准确现象,同时其他大部分区域也得出更为合理准确的坡向变率计算结果。在不同分辨率DEM下,本文方法能得到较为稳定的结果。本文所提出的基于向量几何的坡向变率计算方法可为精准数字地形分析提供参考,也是借鉴数学向量几何的方法解决数字地形分析问题的重要实践。     

中国与周边国家地缘经济关系的双向互动分析

贸易关系可用来刻画中国与周边国家地缘经济关系的双向互动。本文通过构建源—汇互动矩阵分析框架,借助商品贸易数据,从出口与进口两个断面,选取偏好率、市场占有率和集中度3个指标分析了中国与周边国家地缘经济关系双向互动时序变化。结果表明：①周边国家出口到中国偏好率整体上升,且高于中国出口到周边国家偏好率;②中国出口到周边国家市场占有率远高于周边国家出口到中国市场占有率;③周边国家从中国进口偏好率高于中国从周边国家进口偏好率,中国从周边国家进口的偏好率主要集中在周边发达国家以及部分东盟国家;④中国从周边国家进口市场占有率总体上呈增长趋势,且高于周边国家从中国进口市场占有率;⑤中国与周边国家地缘经济关系双向互动主要集中在日本、韩国和新加坡等发展经济体以及东盟中的经济发展水平较高国家。周边国家和地区经济发展水平差异巨大,需要进一步探讨中国与周边国家和地区的地缘经济合作差异和演化规律,服务于“一带一路”建设和提升“周边是首要”的地缘边际效应。     

2010—2015年中东北非政局变动中的“政治性民意势力”及其影响

援引批判地缘政治学话语权和地缘政治想象分析方法,在对“民意”“政治性民意”“政治性民意势力”内涵界定的基础上,分析了2010—2015年中东北非地区相关国家政局变动中“政治性民意势力”的形成背景、过程及其影响。结果表明：中东北非国家“政治性民意势力”的形成有着深厚的国内背景和复杂的国际背景;“政治性民意势力”的形成经历了从民意事件客体的呈现,到民众聚集并上升为政治性议题,再到国内外势力借力博弈形成挑动抗议、推动政变的政治力量的过程;“政治性民意势力”形成以后,多行为体借力博弈下,在国别、区域上呈现不同的扩散轨迹和规律;“政治性民意势力”一方面造成了中东北非相关国家的政局变换,另一方面则推动区域地缘政治格局的变迁。这是对民意事件的地缘政治理论解读和分析,是一次较为有意义的尝试。     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.