水氡动态图强震危险区预测的新方法

水氡动态图强震危险区预测法是一种地下流体的地震分析预报新方法。 对该方法做了系统的介绍,其内容有: 水氡基值变化率动态图像的生成方法,水氡变化率高值异常区图形演化与地震震中位置的关系,强震危险区预测的标志与方法。检验性预测结果表明,该方法具有预测效能,可在实际地震预报中使用。     

一种基于OpenMP的高效GPS卫星钟差实时估计方法

提出基于单观测值的Kalman滤波快速计算方法,并引入共享存储并行编程（OpenMP）技术实现协方差快速更新,从而实现非差GPS卫星钟差的快速实时计算。均匀选取55个IGS参考站,计算2017-03-20~03-30采样率为60 s的卫星钟差。与IGS事后30 s钟差相比,两者具有很好的一致性,RMS互差优于0.5 ns。选取未参与钟差解算的10个IGS参考站进行精密单点定位,结果表明,实时静态PPP水平方向精度优于2 cm,高程方向精度为2~4 cm;实时动态PPP水平方向精度为2～4 cm,高程方向精度为4～6 cm,能够满足实时PPP的精度要求。该方法在主频1.2 GHz服务器上8线程并行模式下单历元耗时4 s,相比串行模式效率提升1/3。     

上海市精细时空尺度人口分布估计与特征分析

城市人口实时分布与动态变化特征是城市规划与综合治理的重要依据。受数据获取手段的局限性,准确地获取城市人口的实时分布状况一直是技术瓶颈,而移动通讯技术的迅速普及为这一问题的解决提供了技术途径。本文基于移动通讯信令的连续轨迹数据,实现了城市精细尺度人口分布时空估算的方法流程,并以上海市为研究区,对城市人口分布特征及时空移动过程进行了量化分析。研究表明：① 在数据方面,基于移动通讯信令数据估算城市人口分布的方式样本覆盖广、时空精度高、时效性较强且支持时空尺度灵活多变的应用研究需求,能够定量地描述城市人口分布时空动态特征且能推算城市真实人口规模;② 在人口分布时空特征方面,上海市在全市尺度上,各时段人口空间分布较为稳定且差异较小,而在中心城区日间人口较夜间人口呈现更为显著的空间集聚特征;③ 在人口移动时空特征方面,城市功能承载区与其它区域之间人口移动很少,早晚高峰期各城市功能承载区之间人口移动均体现为中心城区与其它新城之间的移动,且2个方向移动人数较为平衡;各城市功能承载区内均有超过半数的人口全天仅在其所在城区内部活动。本文的研究成果可为上海城市规划、应急管理、交通出行等提供更精准的科学依据。     

河南范县及邻区地震精定位及震源机制解分析

选取河南范县及邻区2008年1月~2015年9月M_L≥2.0地震78个,用双差定位法进行重新定位。结果显示,重定位的震中主要沿聊城-兰考断裂带呈NE向分布,较此前更集中。重定位后的震源深度82%位于7~8km,也比此前更集中。在此基础上,用CAP方法研究了该地区2008年以来M_L≥3.0地震的震源机制解。结果显示,节面Ⅰ的14个地震中有11个地震震中分布呈NE向,这与用双差法重新定位后的震中分布方向一致。此外,这14个地震中有9个地震的P轴方位在50°~100°,均值为75°,这与华北地区主压应力方向基本一致。综合分析认为,该区域的地震活动与聊城-兰考断裂有关。     

瞬变电磁法三维模拟计算研究进展

瞬变电磁法应用于矿产资源、环境工程等领域.目前主流的瞬变电磁三维正演模拟方法包括积分方程法、有限差分法、有限体积法和有限元法.随着观测环境的复杂化以及探测精度要求的提高,有必要研究瞬变电磁法高精度三维模拟计算,以便推动数据处理解释方法的进步.本文系统介绍了瞬变电磁三维正演计算研究进展,分析了准静态差分方程的构建和发射源...     

湖泊最低生态水位计算方法研究

对湖泊最低生态水位计算的年保证率法、湖泊形态分析法、天然水位资料法、功能法、曲线相关法和最低年平均水位法6种计算方法进行了论述,并选用其中的3种方法应用于博斯腾湖,计算结果表明,不同计算方法得到的结果并不相同,据此对不同计算方法的适用范围和优缺点进行了比较分析。     

A semi-continuous measurement of gaseous ammonia and particulate ammonium concentrations in PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in the ambient atmosphere

Ammonia has a short residence time in the atmosphere and rapidly neutralizes acid gases that occur near its source, requiring a rapid measurement system for ammonia and particulate ammonium concentrations to better understand their sources, temporal variation of ammonia emissions, and the formation of secondary ammonium aerosols. A semi-continuous measurement system, consisting of a diffusion scrubber, a particle growth chamber, an air-liquid separator, and a fluorescent detector, was developed to determine both gaseous ammonia (NH₃) and particulate ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ ) in PM_2.5 in the ambient atmosphere of Gwangju, South Korea, during the months of March, April, July, and September of 2007. During the sampling periods, the average concentrations of ammonia and ammonium were found to be 2.33?±?1.29 μg/m³ and 1.89?±?0.99 μg/m³, respectively. Although the average gaseous ammonia concentration was highest in March, the particulate ammonium concentration was higher during the warmer season, reaching 2.08?±?1.07 μg/m³ and 2.32?±?0.94 μg/m³ in April and July, respectively, while only 1.68?±?0.61 μg/m³ in March and 1.24?±?0.99 μg/m³ in September. It is proposed that the higher availability of acid species during the warmer months produced a significant amount of particulate ammonium sulfate. Diurnal fluctuation of ammonia and ammonium during the warmer months showed that their peak time occurred at approximately 10:00 am. Both ammonia and ammonium concentrations were better correlated during the warmer months than during the cooler months. Further, the data suggest that the ammonia and ammonium were measured under well dispersed conditions, and multiple sources contributed to the ammonia at the sampling site.     

基于遥感的辽西朝阳地区水文地质信息提取及其应用

为解决辽西地区干旱缺水问题,通过卫星遥感与地面物探相结合的工作方式,研究了水文地质信息提取方法及其应用技术,并在辽西地区开展了初步应用。结果表明,卫星遥感技术不仅可以从宏观上掌握研究区地下水赋存规律,还可探测到常规方法难以发现的水文地质信息,通过卫星遥感技术可以缩小地面物探工作区的范围,该方法有效提高了地下水探测的工作效率及其准确性。此外,通过对电测深电阻率值的定量分析表明,当探测到的九佛堂组岩组电阻率介于18～22Ω·m之间时,该处富水的可能性极大,该方法可有效降低在九佛堂组中物探找水工作的难度。     

辽宁北票地区江沟山岩体锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学

辽宁北票地区江沟山岩体主要岩性为二长花岗岩,属高钾钙碱性岩系.SiO2含量高（71.4%~73.78%）,富碱并相对富Na2O（Na2O/K2O平均为1.17）,Mg#较低（平均为0.18）.岩石的铝饱和指数（A/CNK）较高（1.09~1.24）,为过铝质岩石.标准矿物中普遍出现刚玉分子（1.36~3.01）,应属S型花岗岩特点.稀土总量较低（平均为96.99×10-6）,轻、重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）N=6.27~32.88）,有中等程度的负铕异常（0.77~0.87）.在微量元素蜘蛛网图上,强烈富集大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,高场强元素（如Ti）强烈亏损.在R1-R2图解中,江沟山岩体投影在同碰撞环境.该岩体锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均分别为239±2 Ma和233±4 Ma,表明该岩体为三叠纪侵位.前人研究发现,本区西部有中三叠世（229.2~237.5 Ma）侵入的S型花岗岩体,认为是西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞的产物.本文结论与之完全一致,从而为两大板块边缘大陆岩石圈演化提供了新的依据.     

Review of pre-processing technologies for ice cores

High-resolution ice core records covering long time spans enable reconstruction of the past climatic and environmental conditions allowing the investigation of the earth system’s evolution. Preprocessing of ice cores has direct impacts on the data quality control for further analysis since the conventional ice core processing is time-consuming, produces qualitative data, leads to ice mass loss, and leads to risks of potential secondary pollution. However, over the past several decades, preprocessing of ice cores has received less attention than the improvement of ice drilling, the analytical methodology of various indices, and the researches on the climatic and environmental significance of ice core records. Therefore, this papers reviews the development of the processing for ice cores including framework, design as well as materials, analyzes the technical advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. In the past, continuous flow analysis (CFA) has been successfully applied to process the polar ice cores. However, it is not suitable for ice cores outside polar region because of high level of particles, the memory effect between samples, and the filtration before injection. Ice core processing is a subtle and professional operation due to the fragility of the nonmetallic materials and the random distribution of particles and air bubbles in ice cores, which aggravates uncertainty in the measurements. The future developments of CFA are discussed in preprocessing, memory effect, challenge for brittle ice, coupling with real-time analysis and optimization of CFA in the field. Furthermore, non-polluting cutters with many different configurations could be designed to cut and scrape in multiple directions and to separate inner and outer portions of the core. This system also needs to be coupled with streamlined operation of packaging, coding, and stacking that can be implemented at high resolution and rate, avoiding manual intervention. At the same time, information of the longitudinal sections could be scanned and identified, and then classified to obtain quantitative data. In addition, irregular ice volume and weight can also be obtained accurately. These improvements are recorded automatically via user-friendly interfaces. These innovations may be applied to other paleomedias with similar features and needs.