Actual pumping tests may involve continuously decreasing rates over a certain period of time, and the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) of the tested confined aquifer cannot be interpreted from the classical constant‐rate test model. In this study, we revisit the aquifer drawdown characteristics of a pumping test with an exponentially decreasing rate using the dimensionless analytical solution for such a variable‐rate model. The drawdown may decrease with time for a short period of time at intermediate pumping times for such pumping tests. A larger ratio of initial to final pumping rate and a smaller radial distance of the observation well will enhance the decreasing feature. A larger decay constant results in an earlier decrease, but it weakens the extent of such a decrease. Based on the proposed dimensionless transformation, we have proposed two graphical methods for estimating K and Ss of the tested aquifer. The first is a new type curve method that does not employ the well function as commonly done in standard type curve analysis. Another is a new analytic method that takes advantage of the decreasing features of aquifer drawdown during the intermediate pumping stage. We have demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the two new graphical methods for aquifer characterization through a synthetic pumping test. 相似文献
A modified domain reduction method(MDRM) that introduces damping terms to the original DRM is presented in this paper. To verify the proposed MDRM and compare the computational accuracy of these two methods, a numerical test is designed. The numerical results of the MDRM and DRM are compared using an extended meshed model. The results show that the MDRM significantly improved the computational accuracy of the DRM. Then, the MDRM is compared with two existing conventional methods, namely Liao's transmitting boundary and viscous-spring boundary with Liu's method. The MDRM shows its great advancement in computational accuracy, stability and range of applications. This paper also discusses the influence of boundary location on computational accuracy. It can be concluded that smaller models tend to have larger errors. By introducing two dimensionless parameters, φ_1 and φ_2, the rational distance between the observation point and the MDRM boundary is suggested. When φ_1 2 or φ_213, the relative PGA error can be limited to 5%. In practice, the appropriate model size can be chosen based on these two parameters to achieve desired computational accuracy. 相似文献