古建筑木结构直榫和燕尾榫节点试验研究

通过对典型透榫和燕尾榫榫卯连接的模型低周反复荷载试验,研究了榫卯半刚性连接特性和刚度退化规律.试验得出榫卯连接的弯矩-转角滞回曲线及骨架曲线,并拟合出了弯矩-转角的关系方程和榫卯连接节点恢复力模型,由试验结果给出了两种榫卯连接刚度的非线性变化.研究结果为古建筑的抗震性能研究和修缮加固提供了理论基础.     

后循环缺血患者椎基底动脉狭窄的3D-TOP-MRA与DSA对照研究

目的:对照分析后循环缺血患者椎基底动脉的3D-TOP-MRA和DSA检查结果,探讨3D-TOP-MRA用于后循环缺血的诊断价值。方法:选取80例后循环缺血患者分别完成椎基底动脉的3D-TOP-MRA和DSA检查,以盲法判断动脉血管的狭窄情况,对比分析两种方法检测结果间的相关性,并系统评价3D-TOP-MRA的诊断效率。结果:以DSA为金标准,3D-TOP-MRA检测出狭窄血管的总体灵敏度为88.23%,轻度、中度、重度狭窄和闭塞的灵敏度分别为57.89%、96.30%、85.71%和100%。3D-TOP-MRA检查出狭窄血管总体特异度为66.67%,轻度、中度、重度狭窄和闭塞的特异度分别为100%、96.23%、92.42%和100%。3D-TOP-MRA检查出狭窄血管的总体准确度为85.00%,轻度、中度、重度狭窄和闭塞的准确度分别为90.00%、96.25%、91.25%和100%。结论:3D-TOP-MRA无创检测后循环缺血患者椎基底动脉的狭窄有较高的准确度和灵敏度,特别是中重度狭窄病例,可作为血管狭窄术前筛查、术后随访重要检查手段,有利于控制后循环缺血诊治过程中的临床风险。      

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE SHULE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN QILIANSHAN AND ITS INSIGHT INTO TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

Because of the strong uplift of the Qilian Shan since late Cenozoic,the drainage basins that are derived from the mountains have undergone strong tectonic deformation.So the typical geomorphology characteristics of these drainage basins may indicate the strong tectonic movement in the region.For example,the Shule River drainage basin,which originates from the western part of the Qilian Shan owns unique geomorphology characteristics which may indicate the neotectonic movement. Stream networks of the Shule drainage basin extracted from the DEM data based on GIS spatial analysis technology are graded into five levels using Strahler classification method.Four sub-catchments,numbered 1,2,3 and 4 are chosen for detailed analysis.Furthermore,the four sub-catchments,the hypsometric integral curves,Hack profiles,SL index and average slope of the Shule drainage basin are determined by GIS tools.In addition,we analyzed the slope spectrum of the Shule drainage basin. The average elevation of the Shule drainage basin is very high,however,the slope of the drainage basin is very low,the gentle slope occupies so large area proportion that the slope spectrum shows a unimodal pattern and a peak value is in low slope region (0°~5°),so tectonic movement has a strong influence on the drainage basin.Under the intensive impact of the tectonic movement of the active fault and regional uplift,the hypsometric integral curve is sigmoid,revealing that the Shule drainage basin is in the mature stage.The Hack profile is on a convex,the longitudinal profile is best fitted by linear fitting and the abnormal data of the SL index of the Shule River has a good fit with the section through which the active fault traverses,that means the tectonic movement of the active fault has strong influence on the river's SL index.It is worth noting that lithologic factors also have great impact on the river geomorphology in some sections. According to the above analysis,we recognize that in the interior of active orogen,the evolution of river geomorphology usually is influenced by tectonic movement and reveals the regional neotectonics in turn.     

GEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES OF LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF MOTUO FAULT IN EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS

Motuo Fault locates at the east of Namjagbarwa Peak in eastern Himalayan syntaxis.Based on the remote sensing interpretation,the previous work,and with the field investigation,this paper obtains the spatial distribution and movement characteristics of Motuo Fault in China,and geological evidences of late Quaternary activity.Two trenches in Motuo village and Dongdi village located in Yalung Zangbo Grand Canyon reveal that the Motuo Fault dislocates the late Quternary stratum and behaves as a reverse fault in Motuo village and normal fault in Dongdi village.Motuo Fault is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip associated with the faulted landforms,with different characteristics of the tilting movement in different segments.The trench at Didong village reveals the latest stratum dislocated is~2780±30 a BP according to radiocarbon dating,implying that Motuo Fault has ruptured the ground surface since late Holocene.The movement of left-lateral strike-slip of Motuo Fault is related to the northward movement process of Indian pate.     

APPARENT RESISTIVITY TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARAC-TERISTICS AFFECTED BY THE FIXED DISTURBANCE SOURCE ON SURFACE OF MEASURING AREA

Current leakage,metallic conductor,and local anomalous resistivity body are main disturbance sources which affect the successive observation of apparent resistivity in stations,besides the observing system failure.We construct a finite element model using a 3-layered horizontal medium to discuss the dynamic characteristics of disturbances caused by metal conductor and local anomalous resistivity body in the measuring filed.The numerical results show that low resistivity source which is located in areas where the sensitivity coefficient is positive will cause decline on apparent resistivity observation.While low resistivity source will cause increase when it is located in areas where the sensitivity coefficient is negative.Disturbance caused by high resistivity source is opposite to the one from low resistivity source.The general dynamic feature of disturbance is that the disturbance amplitude increases as the resistivity of shallow layer decreases,while the amplitude declines when the shallow layer's resistivity increases.For the measuring direction which has normal annual variation form,low resistivity source which is located in area where the sensitivity coefficient is positive will increase the annual variation amplitude,while it will reduce annual amplitude when it is in a negative sensitivity coefficient area.Annual amplitude changes caused by high resistivity source are opposite to the changes caused by low resistivity source.For the measuring direction which has abnormal annual variation form,dynamic annual feature is opposite to the one in direction of normal annual variation form.If the dynamic feature is opposite to the annual variation and disturbance amplitude is also greater than annual amplitude,the annual variation will change direction.Disturbance amplitude from metallic conductor is affected by the resistivity and cross-section area,the lower of the resistivity and the larger of the cross-section area,the greater of the disturbance amplitude.     

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE HEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN WESTERN QILIAN SHAN-HEXI CORRIDOR AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

Using quantitative geomorphic factors for regional active tectonic evolution is becoming more and more popular. Qilian Mountains-Hexi Corridor which locates in the northern edge of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the most leading edge of the plateau's northward extension. The uplift rate of all segments and the intensity of influence from tectonic activity are the important evidences to understand the uplift and extension of the plateau. Heihe River Basin is located at the northern piedmont of the western segment of Qilian Mountains, the development of the rivers is influenced by the tectonic activity of the Qilian Mountains, and the unique river morphology is important carriers of the regional tectonic uplift. Geomorphologic indexes such as hypsometric integral, geomorphologic comentropy and river longitudinal profiles were extracted by GIS tools with free access to the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM)DEMs, and according to the different expression of the geomorphological indexes in the Heihe River Basin, we divided the drainage basin into two parts and further compared them to each other. Recent studies reveal that obvious differences exist in the landscape factors(hypsometric integral, geomorphology entropy and river profiles)in the east and west part of the Heihe Basin. The structural intensity of the west part is stronger than that of the east, for example, in areas above the main planation surface on the western part, the average HI value is 0.337 8, and on the eastern part the HI value is 0.355. Accordingly, areas under the main planation surface are just on the contrary, indicating different structural strength on both sides. Similar phenomenon exists in the whole drainage basins. Furthermore, by comparing the fitting river profiles with the real river profiles, differential uplift is derived, which indicates a difference between west and east(with 754m on the western part and 219m on the east). Comprehensive comparison and analysis show that the lithologic factors and precipitation conditions are less influencing on the geomorphic factors of the study area, and the tectonic activities, indicated by field investigation and GPS inversion, are the most important element for geomorphic evolution and development. The variation of the geomorphologic indexes indicates different tectonic strength derived from regional structures of the Qilian Shan.     

祁连山中部亚高山草地土壤呼吸及其组分研究

草地碳通量组分的区分及其与环境因子的关系是了解生态系统碳循环的重要环节。于2013年6-8月在祁连山中部亚高山草地开展了土壤呼吸及其组分研究,利用根去除法区分根系自养呼吸和土壤微生物异养呼吸。采用LI-8100土壤碳通量系统测定生态系统呼吸、土壤呼吸及土壤微生物呼吸速率,同时测定10cm处土壤温度和5cm处土壤湿度。分析呼吸速率和环境因子的昼夜变化动态,自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率占土壤呼吸速率的比例,呼吸速率与土壤温湿度及与生物量的关系。结果表明：生态系统呼吸、土壤呼吸和土壤微生物呼吸速率的日变化趋势均呈单峰型曲线,具体表现为生态系统呼吸（11.07μmol · m^-2 ·s^-1）>土壤呼吸（6.31μmol·m^-2·s^-1）>异养呼吸（4.92μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1）>自养呼吸（1.39μmol·m^-2·s^-1）;自养和异养呼吸速率分别占土壤呼吸速率的22.03%和77.97%;呼吸速率与10cm处土壤温度呈指数相关,Q₁₀值排序为：土壤微生物呼吸（Q₁₀=3.74）>土壤呼吸（Q₁₀=2.76）>生态系统呼吸（Q₁₀=2.49）,呼吸速率与5cm处土壤湿度呈显著线性负相关关系,双因素模型明显提高了呼吸速率与温湿度的相关性,能够分别解释土壤微生物呼吸,土壤呼吸和生态系统呼吸速率变异的89%,79%和62%;地上生物量和呼吸速率之间存在显著线性正相关关系,地下生物量与呼吸速率之间呈二次回归关系（P=0.01）,未刈割草地呼吸速率大于刈割草地土壤呼吸速率,刈割一年的土壤呼吸速率大于刈割两年的土壤呼吸速率。     

基于夜光遥感的南疆三地州农民收入年际变化特征

利用1992-2013年的DMSP/OLS灯光数据和农民人均纯收入数据,对南疆三地州的基础地貌特征,以及19个重点贫困县市的农民收入与灯光强度的关系进行分析,以期从时间和空间的角度探讨农民收入的变化。结果表明：南疆三地州的地势由南向北逐渐降低,绿洲主要分布于中海拔地段,包含中海拔风积地貌、中海拔梁峁、中海拔山地、中海拔平原、中海拔台地,总面积分别为10.34×10⁴、0.222×10⁴、0.318×10⁴、11.004×10⁴、0.227×10⁴km²;与各县农民收入存在最大相关性的民族主要为汉族和维吾尔族,最大相关系数分别为0.971和0.942;灯光强度可以在长时段的条件下反映出南疆三地州重点贫困县市农民收入的变化情况,但是较短时限的变化与灯光强度的关系较为复杂,必须结合更多的因素参考,收入变化相对灯光强度变化的比率最大的县（市）为塔什库尔干县（R=86841）,最小为叶城县（R=1069.86）;灯光强度的分布极为稀疏,以疏附县、疏勒县为中心的总体扩张方向为东北,以叶城县为中心的总体扩张方向为北,以和田县为中心的总体扩张方向为西南和北。应用灯光数据寻找沙漠腹地的绿洲或人迹意义重大。     

水平旋喷桩施工引起周围土体变形分析

水平旋喷桩施工期间,大量高压流体注入土层,引起土层内部产生较大的膨胀作用,致使周围一定区域的土体发生变形。水平旋喷桩施工引起土体变形可以归结为压力膨胀和体积膨胀共同作用的问题。依托单根水平旋喷桩施工的现场实例,建立了水平旋喷桩施工引起土体变形的数值模型。将水平旋喷桩施工引起的土体变形问题简化为圆孔的膨胀问题,可以统筹考虑注浆压力和注浆流量的影响。首先需要确定注浆压力的影响半径和注浆流量引起的体积膨胀比,然后可以通过数值模型计算膨胀引起的土体变形。数值分析结果与现场实测值的对比表明,当注浆压力影响半径为成桩半径的6倍时,数值计算结果与现场实测值吻合较好。     

三维注浆模型试验系统研制及应用

为研究注浆扩散规律和加固机制,研制了三维注浆模型试验系统,该系统由承载试验台、伺服稳压供水单元、注浆单元、多元信息监测单元及图像采集单元组成。该系统主要功能包括不同岩体介质中参数灵活可调的多孔注浆、多序次注浆模拟试验及被注岩体内部物理场信息实时采集,其主要优势体现在：（1）试验腔设计为组合桶式结构,密封性强,拆卸方便,利于注浆加固体细部研究;（2）多腔气动联合控制水压加载方式可提供持续稳压的地下水环境;（3）多元信息并行实时监测系统可同时采集被注岩体内不同空间位置的总压力、孔隙水压力及位移等信息,实现注浆过程中物理参量时空变化规律的研究。利用该试验系统进行黏土介质单孔注浆和多孔分序次注浆模拟试验,获得注浆压力p变化特征及土体内部力学响应规律：p - t曲线呈多个波峰-波谷旋回,表征劈裂注浆为主的加固模式;注浆荷载作用下,总压力、孔隙水压力、有效应力与注浆压力基本同步变化,注浆结束点达到峰值,其后开始衰减并逐渐趋于稳定;与单孔注浆相比,多孔、多序次注浆可显著提高土体有效应力,黏土逐渐压缩固结,力学性质改善。试验表明,黏土介质以劈裂注浆为主,不同序次浆脉间接触关系复杂,可划分为剪切劈裂、原位顺层劈裂及入侵劈裂3种基本模式;采用多孔、小注浆速率试验方法,可减小围岩扰动,增大注浆量及土体压缩固结程度,提高注浆加固效果。研究成果对揭示黏土介质注浆机制具有一定的科学价值。