Land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: classification and evaluation

Land degradation imposes a great threat to the world. It is not merely an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. Land desertification is among the main aspects of environment changes in the source region of the Yellow River. Previous studies focused on water resource utilization and soil erosion, but land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River even the whole Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received little attention. Based on the data obtained by field investigation and TM satellite images of 2000, this study provides the classification and evaluation information of the land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River. There are six types of land degradation in this region: water erosion in the northern mountains around the Gonghe Basin, sandy desertification in the Gonghe Basin and Upland Plain Area, aridization in the lower reaches, salinization in the Gonghe Basin, vegetation degradation in the intramontance basin and freezing and thawing erosion in the high mountains. The total degraded area is 34,429.6 km², making up 37.5% of the land in the study area. Finally, land degradation in the source region of the Yellow River was evaluated according to changes in the physical structure and chemical component of soils, land productivity, secondary soil salt and water conditions.     

Discussion on influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification

The influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification is getting more and more recognition along with large span underground working’s increasingly coming forth. The authors analyse the timbering expense of cavern in jointed rock mass, the radius of plastic loosened zone and the size effect of macroscopical mechanical parameters of rock mass. Based on the complexion of depressing of surrounding rock’s stability due to increment of cavern’s span, the authors pinpoint attaching importance to the influence of cavern’s span on surrounding rock classification; and suggest reckoning the factor of cavern’s span in surrounding rock classification scientifically by studying the size effect of rock mass’s physico-mechanical parameters.     

强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法及其在无人机导航定位中的应用

针对Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法在无人机导航定位应用中存在滤波发散和定位精度低的问题,本文提出一种强跟踪抗差自适应滤波算法.该算法在Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法基础上,引入强跟踪技术,通过自适应渐消因子降低历史数据对当前滤波的影响,从而抑制滤波发散,增强算法的稳健性;结合量测噪声和系统噪声进行实时估计,并且在估...     

Stability analysis of seabed strata and casing structure during the natural gas hydrates exploitation by depressurization in horizontal wells in South China Sea

Natural gas hydrates(NGHs) are a new type of clean energy with great development potential. However, it is urgent to achieve safe and economical NGHs development and utilization. This study established a physical model of the study area using the FLAC^3D software based on the key parameters of the NGHs production test area in the South China Sea, including the depressurization method, and mechanical parameters of strata, NGHs occurrence characteristics, and the technological characteri...     

烃源岩热模拟分子标志物演化特征及分子解析

为了研究地质体中分子标志物随热成熟度的演化规律,开展了烃源岩热模拟实验,并对产物进行了分子标志物定量及分子解析。结果表明,随着模拟温度的增高,三环萜烷和藿烷含量均逐渐降低,但降低幅度有差异,藿烷和高相对分子质量的三环萜烷降低幅度大于低相对分子质量的三环萜烷,导致在热模拟温度升至370℃的情况下,低相对分子质量三环萜烷的峰高高于藿烷;高相对分子质量甾烷含量降低幅度大于低相对分子质量甾烷,相同相对分子质量不同构型化合物甾烷热解速率不一致,同碳数ααα甾烷热解速率大于αββ甾烷,低相对分子质量的甾烷定量结果随热模拟温度升高先降低后升高再降低;低碳数的芳烃含量随热模拟温度升高先降低后升高,高碳数芳烃含量则一直处于降低状态。分子解析认为,C₁₉和C₂₀三环萜烷主要来自于高碳数三环萜烷的裂解,藿烷的贡献极低;17α(H)C₂₇三降藿烷(Tm)来自高碳数藿烷的贡献,18α(H)C₂₇三降藿烷(Ts)没有其他化合物加入;相同质量前提下,C₂₉甾烷裂解速率为:C₂₉ααS&...     

GPS测量误差源及其控制分析

介绍了GPS测量中各种主要的非人为误差以及它们给测量带来的影响,对于精度控制问题,主要讨论的是小型控制网（基线长度10～20km）和局部地区应用中动态和准动态差分测量的精度控制方法。     

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。     

无限水深聚焦波完全非线性数值模拟

基于势流理论提出一种新的高阶边界元方法对无限水深的聚焦波浪进行完全非线性数值模拟.自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件,模拟波浪的非线性效果可以达到更高阶.利用镜像原理,建立一种全新的格林函数应用到无限水深的数值波浪水槽中,以致于两无限深水槽侧壁的积分可以被排除.为了产生相应的入射波和吸收出流波浪,一个由点源组成的造波装置被布置于计算域内,同时人工阻尼层被用来吸引出流波浪,由波浪聚焦的方法得到极限波浪.通过开展线性和完全非线性聚焦波浪的数值实验及与理论解对比,验证本数值模型可以用来模拟无限深水域的极限波浪,且在出流边界没有反射.     

凡纳滨对虾的遗传育种研究现状

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei Boone),由于其生长快,抗环境变化能力强,对饵料的要求低,肉味鲜美、出肉率高,成为世界上公认的优良养殖对虾品种之一.凡纳滨对虾自1998年从美国夏威夷再次引进到中国华南,并相继突破集约化防病养殖和全人工繁育技术以来[1],已成为中国海水养殖动物中发展最快的一个种类,其养殖产量已达到中国养殖对虾产量的80%～90%.然而目前中国凡纳滨对虾亲虾多数直接从虾塘挑选,造成品质参差不齐,抗病力下降,生产周期延长,严重制约了中国凡纳滨对虾养殖业持续健康发展.凡纳滨对虾亟需形成稳定优良的养殖品系.