基于杨赤中插值法的坡度、坡向计算的实现与分析

应用杨赤中滤波推估法,将地形碎部点高程观测值看作一种包含规律性和随机性变化的复合变量,求其二项系数加权游动平均,建立估值数学模型,求得各格网点高程估值。将离散的数据经插值计算转换为DEM数据,并根据其网格顶点来分析、推算和显示网格单元的坡度和坡向。     

GPS与数字水准仪相结合进行三维控制网的布设

通过三维控制网的实际布设,对GPS平面控制网的精度和数字水准仪布设的高程控制网的精度进行了分析探讨,并对二者如何更加有效的结合提出了几点有益的见解。     

黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务的影响

利用RS和GIS技术分析黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化,并评价其对区域生态系统服务的影响。结果表明,2004年该区湿地总面积为2 929.76 km^2,与1992年相比,增加354.26 km^2,湿地斑块总数增加120个;滩涂和苇草地面积减少,但仍是黄河三角洲湿地的优势景观类型;1992-2004年黄河三角洲区域非湿地与湿地之间面积转化剧烈,主要表现为非湿地转化为苇草地、水库,面积分别为324.90 km^2和189.16 km^2,而湿地类型之间面积转化相对较小。对该区湿地生态系统服务的定性评价表明,黄河三角洲湿地景观结构的剧烈变化会影响区域生态系统服务,特别是对其主要服务———物种多样性维持的影响会加剧该区生物多样性丧失风险,使濒危物种的保护难度加大。     

GPS RTK点位精度与测验历时的关系

通过对不同测验历时的测点的点位精度进行技术统计,分析了应用GPSRTK技术测量时测验历时对点位精度的影响,总结了不同测验历时采集到的RTK数据的精度分布规律,得出不同要求的测量作业所需的不同的测验历时,对于如何更好的采用GPSRTK技术进行测绘作业有着积极的意义。     

索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的维修

介绍了索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的常规检查和调整,维修程序,为技术人员在解决索佳全站仪常见故障和几种指标参数的校正提供参考.     

影像地图集中色彩与符号设计的研究与实践

遥感技术的发展为地图制作提供了丰富多样的信息源,使地图从形式到内容都发生了全新的变化.影像地图已成为一种新型的地图品种,但影像地图的设计还面临着一些新的技术难题.结合影像地图集的编制,对影像地图集设计中两个关键技术,色彩设计与符号设计进行了研究实践,为影像地图集的设计制作提供理论和技术方法借鉴.     

Time-Domain Full Waveform Inversion Using the Gradient Preconditioning Based on Transmitted Wave Energy

The gradient preconditioning approach based on seismic wave energy can effectively avoid the huge memory consumption of the gradient preconditioning algorithms based on the Hessian matrix. However, the accuracy of this approach is prone to be influenced by the energy of reflected waves. To tackle this problem, the paper proposes a new gradient preconditioning method based on the energy of transmitted waves. The approach scales the gradient through a precondition factor, which is calculated by the ‘approximate transmission wavefield' simulation based on the nonreflecting acoustic wave equation. The method requires no computing nor storing of the Hessian matrix and its inverse matrix. Furthermore, the proposed method can effectively eliminate the effects of geometric spreading and disproportionality in the gradient illumination. The results of model experiments show that the time-domain full waveform inversion(FWI) using the gradient preconditioning based on transmitted wave energy can achieve higher inversion accuracy for deep high-velocity bodies and their underlying strata in comparison with the one using the gradient preconditioning based on seismic wave energy. The field marine seismic data test shows that our proposed method is also highly applicable to the FWI of field marine seismic data.     

Tidal Effects on the Bottom Thermal Front of North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass near Zhangzi Island in Summer 2009

Three seabed-mounted TD/CTD chains and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) in the southwest of Zhangzi Island are used and a simultaneous cruise observation in the northern North Yellow Sea(NYS) is conducted to study temperature variation in the bottom thermal front zone of the NYS Cold Water Mass(NYSCWM) during the summer of 2009. In the flood-ebb tidal cycles, the bottom temperature decreases(increases) during flood(ebb) tides, which are dominated by the tidal-current induced horizontal advection. The ebb tide-induced temperature increase is larger than the flood tide-induced temperature decrease due to seasonal warming. In the spring-neap tidal cycles, the temperature and the vertical temperature structure show notable fortnightly variation from 16 July to 25 August. The bottom temperature increases from neap to spring tides and decreases from spring to neap. The Richardson number demonstrates strengthened vertical mixing during spring tides but enhanced stratification during neap tides. The spring-neap variation in vertical shear caused by tidal current is the dominant factor that induces the fortnightly variation in vertical mixing and thus bottom temperature.     

Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and influencing factors at Urumqi Glacier No.1 in upstream Urumqi River Basin,eastern Tianshan Mountains

The stable isotope has been extensively applied as an effective tracer especially in precipitation. In glacierized area of arid northwest China, temperature is widely considered to be a major factor affecting isotopes in precipitation, while the influences of precipitation amount, relative humidity and other meteorological parameters are still not clear. Based on analyses on stable isotope values of water samples and NCEP/NCAR(National Centers of Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) re-analysis data, the moisture source and characteristics of isotopes in the precipitation, meltwater and river water isotopes at Urumqi Glacier No.1 of the upstream Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan Mountains from spring to autumn during four years(from 2008 to 2011) was studied. Results indicated that meltwater are the main source of water for the upper Urumqi River. Seasonal variation of δ~(18) O in precipitation demonstrated that δ18 O was more enriched in summer and depleted in spring and autumn. Temperature was positively correlated with isotopes, while precipitation amount and relative humidity was negatively correlated with isotopes. The water vapor was affected by westerly air mass and regional water vapor cycle. Meanwhile, back trajectory clustering analyses showed that the moisture mainly from Europe and central Asia. The moisture was more likely to be locally sourced with the ratio was 46.8%～52.1%.     

塔北地区寒武系白云岩储层裂缝充填特征与有效性

塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层具有年代老、埋深大、成岩作用强烈的特征,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽,有效裂缝的发育程度是决定储层优劣的关键因素。根据岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、FMI成像测井、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针以及流体包裹体分析等研究手段,开展了塔里木盆地北部地区(简称"塔北地区")寒武系白云岩储层的裂缝充填特征及有效性分析。塔北地区整体裂缝发育,天山南地区与塔河地区裂缝在产状、线密度、形态以及充填特征上存在差异。天山南地区裂缝线密度与有效性均低于塔河地区,充填矿物主要为自形白云石与石英,其次为方解石、石膏与黄铁矿。充填白云石分为3期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～90℃、90℃～110℃及110℃以上,均为地层内的成岩流体成因;充填石英分两期,第一期为黏土矿物转化蚀变形成,第二期可能为热液成因。塔河地区裂缝线密度高,有效性较好,溶蚀作用发育,是有利的勘探地区,其充填物以热液矿物组合形式出现,主要为方解石,其次为石膏、鞍状白云石、黏土矿物、沥青等,重晶石以交代白云石的形式出现。充填方解石分为4期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～100℃、100℃～130℃、130℃～180℃及180℃以上,前3期充填为不同埋深时期地层内成岩流体成因,最后一期充填为自下部运移而来的高温热液流体成因。