我国标贯液化判别方法对黄土适用性研究

鉴于我国20世纪50年代以来,地震液化现场很少有黄土液化的实例,而饱和黄土甚至高含水率的黄土也具有很高的液化势和流态破坏势.为工程设计准确预测饱和黄土在设计地震动的作用下是否会液化,本文用Seed-Idriss简化判别法对兰州某民用机场的饱和黄土和砂土进行液化判别,并以此结果为依据检验规范判别式对黄土液化判别的适用性.结论证实用Seed-Idriss简化判别法结果检验规范方法对黄土的适用性是可行的,规范方法对于黄土液化判别过于保守.     

A comparison of two kinds of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices during the mei-yu period of 2010

During the mei-yu period,the east edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Dabie Mountain are two main sources of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices along the mei-yu front(MYF).In this study,an eastward-moving southwest vortex(SWV) and an eastward-moving Dabie vortex(DBV) during the mei-yu period of 2010 have been investigated to clarify the main similarities and differences between them.The synoptic analyses reveal that the SWV and DBV were both located at the lower troposphere;however,the SWV developed in a "from top down" trend,whereas the DBV developed in an opposite way.There were obvious surface closed low centers corresponding to the DBV during its life span,whereas for the SWV,the closed low center only appeared at the mature stage.Cold and warm air intersected intensely after the formation of both the vortices,and the cold advection in the SWV case was stronger than that in the DBV case,whereas the warm advection in the DBV case was more intense than that in the SWV case.The Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea were main moisture sources for the SWV,whereas for the DBV,in addition to the above two moisture sources,the East China Sea was also an important moisture source.The vorticity budget indicates that the convergence was the most important common factor conducive to the formation,development,and maintenance of the SWV and DBV,whereas the conversion from the vertical vorticity to the horizontal one(tilting) was the most important common factor caused the dissipation of both of the vortices.The kinetic energy(KE) budget reveals that the KE generation by the rotational wind was the dominant factor for the enhancement of KE associated with the SWV,whereas for the DBV,the KE transport by the rotational wind was more important than the KE generation.The KE associated with the SWV and the DBV weakened with different mechanisms during the decaying stage.Furthermore,the characteristics of baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions during the life spans of both vortices indicate that the SWV and DBV both belong to the kind of subtropical mesoscale vortices.     

一种利用纹理特征和朴素贝叶斯分类器检测近景影像植被的方法

针对植被对近景摄影测量自动滑坡监测影响严重的问题,提出了一种基于纹理特征和朴素贝叶斯分类器的滑坡植被区域检测算法。对算法的有效性、影像对比度拉伸以及样本训练通用性对检测植被区域的效果等若干问题进行了实验探讨。通过与基于视觉认知特征的检测方法比较,验证了本算法的实用性和有效性。实验结果表明,本文算法能够很好地检测出近景影像中的植被区域,结果比较满意。     

基于多模GNSS接收机的卫星系统完好性监测

为了满足多卫星系统完好性监测的需要,本文通过对比不同卫星系统定位结果的方法来监测各个卫星系统的可用性。利用上述方法对实测的三模(GPS、GLONASS和COMPASS)数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法具有可行性,可为多模GNSS接收机的自主完好性监测提供参考信息。     

区域视角下中国上市企业总部的迁址研究

企业总部的区位及其迁移对城市和区域发展具有重要的影响。本研究以上市企业为对象,考察2001-2012年期间,中国上市企业的总部和注册地址迁移情况。主要有以下发现:①上市企业的迁移以东部地区为主要目的地,西部和东北地区的上市企业净迁出量最大,东部沿海的长三角地区和北京是上市企业的主要迁入地。②上市企业迁移以上行迁移为主,即迁往高行政等级城市,北京、上海吸引了最多的上市企业迁入,而在省内迁移则是主要迁往省会城市。③从企业总部和注册地址的迁移指向,以及企业总部和注册地址分离的情况看,北京和上海在国内公司地理格局中的控制力还在提高,尤其是北京,以较大的优势吸引了国内最多的企业总部迁入。④不同产业的总部迁移率存在差异,总体上服务业迁移率比制造业更高,采掘业和房地产业是迁移率最高的产业。⑤拥有集聚经济带来的专业化、多元化的产业环境和优质配套条件,以及高行政等级带来的信息和政策优势,是企业总部迁往经济发达以及高行政等级城市的重要原因。⑥上市企业的总部和注册地址迁移主要是由于企业的兼并重组造成的,这与中国资本市场的制度有关。⑦企业总部的迁移之后,并没有带来企业经营绩效的显著增长,即使有也非常有限,且持续时间很短;同时企业总部的上行迁移也没有比平行和下行迁移对企业经营绩效的改善更有帮助。     

气溶胶光学厚度对蓝藻水华信息提取的影响

通过探讨气溶胶光学厚度(AOT)对蓝藻水华信息提取的影响程度和消除方法,为蓝藻水华的动态监测提供可靠依据.首先,利用MODIS数据产品(MOD 02,MOD 04和MOD 09),基于单波段和比值植被指数2种方法分别提取了2006年太湖蓝藻水华的空间分布信息,探讨了AOT对信息提取阈值选择的影响方式和影响程度.研究结果表明:在固定阈值情况下,采用上述2种方法提取的蓝藻水华信息面积差异与AOT的相关性高于自选阈值情况下的相关性;在单波段法和比值植被指数法中,大气校正前所设定的阈值与AOT的相关性都高于大气校正后再选择阈值的相关性.这反映出AOT对蓝藻水华信息提取的影响是不容忽视的,即便不能完全消除,也要选择适当的方法尽量降低其影响程度.     

Fengyun-4 Geostationary Satellite-Based Solar Energy Nowcasting System and Its Application in North China

Surface solar irradiance (SSI) nowcasting (0–3 h) is an effective way to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and to ensure the safe operation of grid-connected solar power plants. In this study, an SSI estimate and nowcasting system was established using the near-infrared channel of Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite. The system is composed of two key components: The first is a hybrid SSI estimation method combining a physical clear-sky model and an empirical cloudy-sky model. The second component is the SSI nowcasting model, the core of which is the derivation of the cloud motion vector (CMV) using the block-matching method. The goal of simultaneous estimation and nowcasting of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) is fulfilled. The system was evaluated under different sky conditions using SSI measurements at Xianghe, a radiation station in the North China Plain. The results show that the accuracy of GHI estimation is higher than that of DNI estimation, with a normalized root-mean-square error (nRMSE) of 22.4% relative to 45.4%. The nRMSE of forecasting GHI and DNI at 30–180 min ahead varied within 25.1%–30.8% and 48.1%–53.4%, respectively. The discrepancy of SSI estimation depends on cloud occurrence frequency and shows a seasonal pattern, being lower in spring–summer and higher in autumn–winter. The FY-4A has great potential in supporting SSI nowcasting, which promotes the development of photovoltaic energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in China. The system can be improved further if calibration of the empirical method is improved.     

滨海湿地不同密度柽柳林土壤调蓄水功能

为探求黄河三角洲湿地土壤调蓄水功能的合理柽柳林密度,采用测量土壤入渗过程和水分物理参数相结合的方法,对不同密度柽柳林的土壤蓄水功能和水分调节能力进行研究。结果表明:①柽柳林随密度的增大具有显著提高细砂粒和降低粉黏粒含量的作用;中密度林分降盐抑碱效应明显,各密度林分表层盐碱含量低于20~40 cm土层;②土壤容重随林分密度增大表现为先减小后增大,孔隙度状况则与之相反,中密度、高密度、草地总孔隙度均值分别比低密度林分高12.9%、6.2%、4.4%;对表层的改良效果好于20~40 cm土层;③Horton模型可较好地模拟柽柳林的土壤入渗过程,中密度林分渗透性能最好,高密度次之,低密度最差;④饱和蓄水量、吸持蓄水量、滞留蓄水量及涵蓄降水量均表现为中密度>高密度>草地>低密度,表土层的水分调蓄功能好于下层;中密度、高密度、草地涵蓄降水量分别比低密度林分高28.4%、23.8%、14.1%。中密度柽柳林具有巨大的水分调蓄空间,其次为高密度,而低密度林分较差。     

渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层优质储层特征

运用薄片镜下观察、物性分析、扫描电镜、X衍射及阴极发光等分析手段,对渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层储层特征和成岩作用进行了研究.结果表明,渤中凹陷石南斜坡区古近系中深层储层砂岩类型以岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,部分为湖相碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积.孔隙类型以粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔为主,储集性好,孔隙度一般为20％左右,渗透率为100×10-3 μm2～1 000×10-3 μm2,为高孔—高渗储层.区内古近系中深层储层中发育有3个次生孔隙发育带,分别为2 500 m～2 800 m次生孔隙发育带、3 200 m～3 400 m次生孔隙发育带和3 700 m～3 900 m次生孔隙发育带.以贫石英、富长石为特征的储层具备了在中深层形成次生孔隙的基础,孔隙演化与成岩演化具有耦合关系,成岩演化是控制储层发育至关重要的因素,溶蚀作用是形成中深部优质储层最重要的建设性成岩作用.     

西藏那木如辉绿岩岩脉的年代学和地球化学特征

那木如辉绿岩具有较高的TiO2和P2O5含量,Mg#是0.6～0.7,表明岩石经中等程度或轻微的斜长石分离结晶作用;富集Rb、K、Th、Ba,亏损Nb、Ti、Ta和Zr、Hf,轻稀土富集,且具有负Eu的异常,表明岩石具有岛弧岩浆的性质.对那木如辉绿岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,其形成年龄值为64±1 Ma(2σ,MSWD=2.4),即辉绿岩结晶年龄.本次定年的结果正好处于西雅鲁藏布北亚带洋盆向北对拉萨地体南缘之下的俯冲(晚白垩世至早第三纪)时期内,说明那木如辉绿岩为此次俯冲形成的岛弧岩浆岩.位于冈底斯弧南侧的西雅鲁藏布北亚带蛇绿岩被第三系磨拉石不整合覆盖,说明蛇绿岩侵位时间早于第三系,与那木如辉绿岩的侵位年龄接近.由此可见,正是形成那木如岛弧岩浆岩的俯冲构造事件导致了西雅鲁藏布北亚带蛇绿岩的构造侵位.