近实时公共气象服务分析图网站发布

给出一种基于开源IDV工具构建气象产品网站发布平台的设计思路和实现方法。近实时公共气象服务分析图将使用人员定位于浏览器端县乡级气象、农技、公众群体,突出分析图的时空分级覆盖、耕作层气象服务、山地气象服务和灾害气象服务。通过内容、时间、区域以及表现形式4个方面的分解,描述了网站的设计原理。通过本体技术实现气象要素向气象知识的过渡。通过图形产品的静态和动态层分别处理,提高了二维和三维图形产品的生成速度。构建形成的气象产品发布平台已经在多个网站得到应用并得到好评。     

高空报文传输常见问题及处理方法

对全国三年来高空传输报文情况进行分析,指出报文传输过程中常见出错环节及问题,提出处理方法及应对措施,为高空气象业务观测员提供实用参考经验,确保报文传输的准确性和时效性,达到提高高空气象业务质量的目的。     

引入纹理特征的SSVM算法在极化SAR影像分类中的应用

在极化SAR影像极化特征的基础上,引入影像的纹理信息,利用带核函数的SSVM算法对极化SAR影像进行分类研究。该方法首先利用精致LEE滤波器对极化SAR影像进行去噪处理;然后采用小波变换对去噪后的总功率影像Span进行纹理特征提取;最后将纹理信息和极化信息结合,并采用SSVM方法对极化SAR影像进行分类。利用NASA/JPL AIRSAR获取的L波段SanFrancisco海湾和荷兰中部Flevoland地区的影像对该方法进行验证,结果表明,SSVM算法可有效地用于极化SAR影像分类,且分类精度和分类效率都优于SVM算法。同时纹理信息的引入使SSVM算法的分类精度得到了进一步提高。     

三维激光扫描技术应用于滑坡体地形可视化的研究

在介绍三维激光扫描技术的工作原理及数据处理方法的基础上,以某典型滑坡体实践为例,阐述滑坡点云数据采集、数据处理、三维模型可视化的基本方法,实现了滑坡体地形精细三维模型制作。     

Advance and prospectus of seasonal prediction: assessment of the APCC/CliPAS 14-model ensemble retrospective seasonal prediction (1980–2004)

We assessed current status of multi-model ensemble (MME) deterministic and probabilistic seasonal prediction based on 25-year (1980–2004) retrospective forecasts performed by 14 climate model systems (7 one-tier and 7 two-tier systems) that participate in the Climate Prediction and its Application to Society (CliPAS) project sponsored by the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC). We also evaluated seven DEMETER models’ MME for the period of 1981–2001 for comparison. Based on the assessment, future direction for improvement of seasonal prediction is discussed. We found that two measures of probabilistic forecast skill, the Brier Skill Score (BSS) and Area under the Relative Operating Characteristic curve (AROC), display similar spatial patterns as those represented by temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) score of deterministic MME forecast. A TCC score of 0.6 corresponds approximately to a BSS of 0.1 and an AROC of 0.7 and beyond these critical threshold values, they are almost linearly correlated. The MME method is demonstrated to be a valuable approach for reducing errors and quantifying forecast uncertainty due to model formulation. The MME prediction skill is substantially better than the averaged skill of all individual models. For instance, the TCC score of CliPAS one-tier MME forecast of Niño 3.4 index at a 6-month lead initiated from 1 May is 0.77, which is significantly higher than the corresponding averaged skill of seven individual coupled models (0.63). The MME made by using 14 coupled models from both DEMETER and CliPAS shows an even higher TCC score of 0.87. Effectiveness of MME depends on the averaged skill of individual models and their mutual independency. For probabilistic forecast the CliPAS MME gains considerable skill from increased forecast reliability as the number of model being used increases; the forecast resolution also increases for 2 m temperature but slightly decreases for precipitation. Equatorial Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies are primary sources of atmospheric climate variability worldwide. The MME 1-month lead hindcast can predict, with high fidelity, the spatial–temporal structures of the first two leading empirical orthogonal modes of the equatorial SST anomalies for both boreal summer (JJA) and winter (DJF), which account for about 80–90% of the total variance. The major bias is a westward shift of SST anomaly between the dateline and 120°E, which may potentially degrade global teleconnection associated with it. The TCC score for SST predictions over the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean reaches about 0.68 with a 6-month lead forecast. However, the TCC score for Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) index drops below 0.40 at a 3-month lead for both the May and November initial conditions due to the prediction barriers across July, and January, respectively. The MME prediction skills are well correlated with the amplitude of Niño 3.4 SST variation. The forecasts for 2 m air temperature are better in El Niño years than in La Niña years. The precipitation and circulation are predicted better in ENSO-decaying JJA than in ENSO-developing JJA. There is virtually no skill in ENSO-neutral years. Continuing improvement of the one-tier climate model’s slow coupled dynamics in reproducing realistic amplitude, spatial patterns, and temporal evolution of ENSO cycle is a key for long-lead seasonal forecast. Forecast of monsoon precipitation remains a major challenge. The seasonal rainfall predictions over land and during local summer have little skill, especially over tropical Africa. The differences in forecast skills over land areas between the CliPAS and DEMETER MMEs indicate potentials for further improvement of prediction over land. There is an urgent need to assess impacts of land surface initialization on the skill of seasonal and monthly forecast using a multi-model framework.     

2009年3—5月T639、ECMWF及日本模式的中期预报性能检验

为更好地应用T639模式中期预报产品,对2009年3-5月T639模式进行天气学检验,并与ECMWF和日本模式进行了对比分析.结果表明:T639和ECMWF模式及日本模式预报性能均较好,相对地,ECMWF对中高纬大气环流的演变及850hPa温度有较强的预报能力.选取2009年4月23-25目的沙尘天气个例,T639模式对于引发此次沙尘天气的地面强风的中期预报指示意义最好,日本模式次之.     

陕西气象科技服务在公共气象服务中科学发展的战略思考

对流有效位能（CAPE）是强对流天气分析预报的重要参数。通过理论推导,提出了载水气块和非载水气块两种情况下对流有效位能的两个新的计算公式,便于业务应用;并讨论了对流有效位能的局地变化因子和预报思路。     

“4．12”隆安强对流天气的前兆信号

对2009年4月12日隆安县出现了一次当地有气象记录以来最强冰雹天气过程的特征进行分析,找出强对流天气的发生的一些前兆信号.     

岑溪市"7·25"暴雨成因分析

通过对2006年7月25日岑溪市出现的暴雨天气分析,结果表明:这次强降雨是在充足的水汽条件和强烈的上升运动条件下发生的,暴雨天气的发生与各物理量及本站要素关系密切,作为单站预报,应在掌握大环流形势背景的同时,还应综合分析各物理量及本站要素;这次暴雨主要影响系统来自高空槽、切变线和地面弱冷空气以及台风登陆后西进北抬所形成台风槽.     

E601B型蒸发器观测后加水与汲水问题分析

针对台站E601B型蒸发器观测后加水与汲水的问题,通过分析,找出主要原因是蒸发器蒸发桶内标准水面高度的位置确立,是解决问题的关键所在.