Observational estimation of heat budgets on drifting ice and open water over the Arctic Ocean

It is of major scientific interests to determine the parameters of momentum, heat and vapor exchange in the planetary boundary layer in order to study the effects of ocean-ice-atmosphere interactions and their feedback mechanisms on global climate[1]. Lin…     

Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide

In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.     

响应谱地震动预测方程中场地效应参数Vs30与场地周期的比较

最近的许多地震动预测方程（GMPE）都使用上30m土层的平均剪切波速度Vs30表示场地效应。然而,在一些研究发现V鹦。是表征场地效应合理参数的同时,另一些研究则给出了相反的证据。本研究使用日本的大地震动数据集对这两个场地效应参数的预测能力进行系统的比较。采用该方法的基础是使用场地周期（Ts,4倍剪切波从基岩到地表的走时）或Vs30对经验模拟场地效应的标准偏差和放大比振幅进行比较。模拟的场地效应除了包括地震动预测方程的场地效应项,还特别包括KiK-net台网的地表与井下记录之间的场地放大比。就KiK—net台网数据而言,对Ts〉0．6s的土层场地,Ts被确定是比Vs。。好的预测参数;而对T。〈0．6s的场地,这两个参数对放大比产生了相似的变异性。在所有场地类别的多数周期上,由地震动预测方程获得的场地效应,Vs30和Ts在统计上相等;而在一些谱周期上,Vs30产生了比Ts小的变异性。KiK-net台网地表一井下记录与地震动预测方程结果的矛盾可能由地震动预测方程中包括震源变异性、路径变异性和场地变异性的大变异性所致。相比之下,KiK-net台网地表一井下数据对的变异性小多了。虽然VS30。和Ts对地震动预测方程的数据产生了统计上相似的标准偏差,但瓦仍然获得了比Vs30更好的中值放大比。     

Foreword

Ocean circulation in the Yellow and East China Seas is very rich in mesoscale phenomena, such as eddies, fronts, upwellings, river plumes, etc. Among others, having drawn tremendous attention from oceanographic community in the past for nearly 50 years are mainly the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) and its related circulation, the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the East China Sea     

西藏改则6.9级地震前的电离层电磁扰动

2008年1月9日西藏改则县发生6.9级地震, 震前2天法国DEMETER卫星飞过震中上空时记录到离子温度(Ti)和超低频电场异常。 文中通过震前10天内多条轨道的数据对比和分析处理, 对空间异常的识别和判定给出了两种有效的方法, 同时也积累了空间地震电磁前兆震例和异常信号判别的经验。     

Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer

The phytoplankton assemblages' patterns and their correlation to environmental factors were studied in Bohai Bay during spring and summer. Two zones, the northern (NWA) and southern (SWA) water area, were identified by cluster analysis based on their physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that more phytoplankton species was found in the SWA with low nutrient concentration, while high phytoplankton abundance occurred in the NWA with high nutrient concentration. The seasonal variability in phytoplankton can be explained by water temperature, nutrient, and hydrodynamic conditions (includes mixing during spring and stratification during summer). Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that silicate (SiO(4)) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were the most important environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton distribution during spring and summer, respectively. Hydrodynamics condition plays a key role in controlling variation of the environmental factors, which determined phytoplankton distribution in Bohai Bay.     

模拟CO_2埋藏的煤储层元素迁移实验研究

采用高压超临界CO2地球化学反应器对CO2在煤储层中的地质埋藏进行模拟,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)以及电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别对淋滤液和煤样中的10种微量元素进行测试,对煤中微量元素在CO2的地质埋藏过程中的迁移进行了实验研究。结果表明:在CO2的地质埋藏过程中对煤的有机组成和无机矿物等均具有改造作用,从而影响到煤中微量元素的赋存和迁移特征,Cr、Zn、Cu等元素迁移能力相对较强,而Co、Ba、V等元素相对较弱;元素迁移能力大小顺序为:CrZnCuNiCdMnCoBaV。     

Solar Stokes Spectrum Observation at Yunnan Astronomical Observatory

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