RTK配合全站仪在数字化测图中的应用

本文主要叙述了RTK配合全站仪进行数字化测图的可行性,介绍了RTK的系统组成、工作原理,并对RTK配合全站仪联合测图的作业流程进行了一系列论述;指出了RTK与全站仪联合进行数字化测图是一种高速度、高效率的新方法.     

测绘工程专业人才培养模式的研究与实践

本文从学校定位及专业实际出发,探讨了测绘工程专业目前存在的问题,研究测绘工程专业人才培养模式和培养计划的基本思路及课程结构体系.从专业设置管理体制的建立、测绘工程专业专项建设经费的设立、实训基地的建设、现代化教学手段等方面对人才培养模式及培养计划实施的保障体系进行了探讨.     

常用全站仪的电子校正方法

介绍了常用全站仪基本指标的校正方法,为用户在使用全站仪过程中保证仪器的精度提供参考。     

Disease resistance and humoral immunomodulatory effects of vitamin C on grouper,Epinephelus awoara

The disease resistance and humoral immunomodulatory effects of vitamin C administered orally to grouper,Epinephelus awoara maintained on a frozen fish diet supplemented with vitamin C at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg were investigated. After 20 weeks, the growth rates of the groups with high level of vitamin C apparently increased. The untreated fish had symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. The endogenous liver tissue vitamin C levels were found to reflect well the dietary treatments. After intraperitoneal injection or bath challenge with a virulent strain ofVibrio vulnificus, fish fed with high level vitamin C showed significantly higher survival rate compared with the normal control group. Vaccination with formalin inactivatedV. vulnificus significantly enhanced the specific antibody production in fish treated with vitamin C, and completely protected from strong bacterial challenge the groups fed on fish with vitamin C 1500 and 2000 mg/kg diet. Project 39500113 supported by NSFC and also by Guangdong Science Research Foundation (Grant No. 950711).     

西部大开发中地理信息产业发展刍议

中国西部开发对西部地理信息基础设施建设提出了迫切要求。优先发展在西部大开发中具有关键作用的地理信息系统,积极培育地理信息技术市场,建设一支服务于西部大开发地理信息产业化队伍,尽快制定适应西部大开发的地理信息产业发展规划,协调解决地理信息的标准化,对发展西部地理信息产业、促进西部大开发具有战略意义。     

基于电化学法的铬盐清洁生产工艺研究

现有铬盐生产技术阻碍了铬盐行业的清洁化发展,研发新型铬盐生产技术实属必要。中国科学院青海盐湖研究所自行研发出一套以电化学法为基础的铬盐清洁生产工艺,涵盖三条大工艺和四种母系铬盐产品。包括氢氧化钠溶液中电化学氧化铬铁制备铬酸钠联产三氧化二铬和三氧化二铁工艺,离子膜电解法从铬酸钠合成重铬酸钠工艺,以及离子膜电解法从重铬酸钠合成铬酸酐工艺。相比现有铬盐生产技术,该技术的优势主要体现在以下五点:温和化、去渣化、高值化、自动化和高效化。目前相关研发工作业已走出实验室,走过产业化中间试验,正向产业化示范线迈进。     

Formation of Li Salts from Natural Brines during Isothermal Evaporation at 25℃

Li brines are the primary resources for Li salt industries. Evaporation is necessary to concentrate Li due to its low level of concentration in raw brines. The salt sequences during the evaporation of Li brines,especially the behavior of Li salts,represent key data for solar technologies. However,chemists cannot use any phase diagram to estimate Li salt sequences during evaporation at 25℃ . The thermodynamic model proposed by us in2003 represents the only tool for the prediction of equilibrium conditions during the evaporation of solutions containing Li~+,Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+)/Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),and-H_2 O components at 25℃ . In this paper,the predicted salt sequences of 20 brines are reported. The results indicate that( 1) the first crystallized Li salt during evaporation of Li brine varies in brine composition;( 2) lithium sulfate is crystallized in many cases initially for brines of magnesium sulfate subtype,while Db4( Li_2 SO_4·K_2 SO_4) or Db3( 2 Li_2 SO_4·Na_2 SO_4·K_2 SO_4) appears first for sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfatesubtypes with lower Mg/Li composition,and the final eutectic point is H ~+ LiC ~+ Lc ~+ Ls ~+ Car;( 3) the final eutectic point is H ~+ LiC ~+ Lc ~+ Car for brines of chloride type; and( 4) Li content corresponding to the first crystallized Li salt is in the range of 0. 43%-1%. These findings enhance our knowledge of Li chemistry and provide insights into solar pond technology of the Li-brine process.     

A Raman investigation on the boron form occurring in salt lake brine during evaporation

Boron resources are abundant in Da Qaidam salt lake of Qaidamu Basin. It has been given great attention for the polyborate species present in brine. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy was applied to investigate the existing-form of boron in brine during evaporation. The prepared solutions of MgO·2B2O3-H2O, MgO·2B2O3-MgCl2 -H2O, and MgO·2B2O3-MgSO4-H2O was also evaporated and recorded to study the influence of boron concentration, pH, and electrolytes on the borate speciation in brine. The mononborates of B(OH)3 and B(OH)4- were found to be the only forms present in the original salt lake brine. Brine evaporation promotes the formation of polyborate anions B3O3(OH)4-, B5O6(OH)4-, and B6O7(OH)62- and also disappearance of the B(OH)4- ion in brine with boron concentration of more than 11 g/L in B2O3. The pentaborate ion of B5O6(OH)4- was sensitive to the solution pH and found to be appeared under the pH value of 8.0. While the hexaborate ion of B6O7(OH)62- was observed more dependent on the electrolyte of magnesium chloride due to its special properties, such as promoting boron accumulation, lowering solution pH, and also the strong af?nity for water molecules, which is beneficial to the polymerization of borate ions in brine. The interaction mechanisms among polyborate anions during evaporation had also been proposed.     

The Belt and Road: Geographical pattern and regional risks

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Building the Belt and Road is initiatives of China to promote win-win international cooperation in the new era, aiming at green, health, intellect and peace and...     

Dynamic changes in lakes in the Hoh Xil region before and after the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake

Zonag, Kusai, Hedin Noel and Yanhu Lakes are independent inland lakes in the Hoh Xil region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In September2011, Zonag Lake burst after the water level had increased for many years. Floods flowed through Kusai and Hedin Noel Lakes into Yanhu Lake; since then, the four small endorheic catchments merged into one larger catchment. This hydrological process caused the rapid shrinkage of Zonag Lake and continuous expansion of Yanhu Lake. In this study,based on satellite images, meteorological data and field investigations, we examined the dynamic changes in the four lakes and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed that before 2011, the trends in the four lake areas were similar and displayed several stages. The change in the area of Zonag Lake corresponded well to the change in annual precipitation(AP), but the magnitude of the change was less than that of a non-glacier-fed lake. Although increased precipitation was the dominant factor that caused Zonag Lake to expand, increased glacier melting and permafrost thawing due to climate warming also had significant effects. After the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake, due to the increasing AP and accelerating glacier melting, the increases in water volume of the three lakes were absorbed by Yanhu Lake, and Yanhu Lake expanded considerably. According to the rapid growth rates in water level and lake area, Yanhu Lake is likely to burst in 1-2 years.