Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia and Oceania region

Supplies of conventional natural gas and oil are declining fast worldwide, and therefore new, unconventional forms of energy resources are needed to meet the ever-increasing demand. Amongst the many different unconventional natural resources are gas hydrates, a solid, ice-like crystalline compound of methane and water formed under specific low temperature and high pressure conditions. Gas hydrates are believed to exist in large quantities worldwide in oceanic regions of continental margins, as well as associated with permafrost regions in the Arctic. Some studies to estimate the global abundance of gas hydrate suggest that the total volume of natural gas locked up in form of gas hydrates may exceed all known conventional natural gas reserves, although large uncertainties exist in these assessments. Gas hydrates have been intensively studied in the last two decades also due to connections between climate forcing (natural and/or anthropogenic) and the potential large volumes of methane trapped in gas hydrate accumulations. The presence of gas hydrate within unconsolidated sediments of the upper few hundred meters below seafloor may also pose a geo-hazard to conventional oil and gas production. Additionally, climate variability and associated changes in pressure-temperature regimes and thus shifts in the gas hydrate stability zone may cause the occurrence of submarine slope failures.Several large-scale national gas hydrate programs exist especially in countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, India, and New Zealand, where large demands of energy cannot be met by domestic supplies from natural resources. The past five years have seen several dedicated deep drilling expeditions and other scientific studies conducted throughout Asia and Oceania to understand gas hydrates off India, China, and Korea. This thematic set of publications is dedicated to summarize the most recent findings and results of geo-scientific studies of gas hydrates in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, and Oceania region.     

基于扩散滤波的多尺度三维变分研究

将扩散方程引入三维变分分析,揭示了传统3D-VAR不能有效提取多尺度观测信息的根本原因,即观测导致的目标函数梯度在空间的不连续分布.将扩散滤波融入基于梯度的最优化算法,发展了基于扩散滤波的多尺度3D-VAR.海表面温度数据同化试验结果表明,新方法可从长波至短波有效地提取多尺度的观测信息.     

青岛局地风特征的分析

本文根据位于胶州湾东岸的青岛沧口和流亭两机场气象台和唠山区气象台资料及现场实验资料对胶州湾东岸的海陆风气候特征,来自胶州湾与来自南面黄海水域的两支海陆风相互作用及其对沧口地区的影响,崂山西坡下坡风的气候特征及影响进行了分析。文中还提出了一种根据常规气象观测资料估算海陆风发生频率的方法。     

中国东南沿海老红砂研究综述

老红砂是中国东南沿海独具特色的第四纪沉积物。本文回顾了老红砂的研究历史，综述了所取得的关于老红砂的成因，年代和红化作用等主要研究成果及其存在问题，并提出了今后进一步工作的意义。     

台湾海峡西部海域软质海底多毛类的生态

本文根据１９８４－１９８５年４航次底栖生物调查资料，首次全面地研究了台湾海峡西部海域多毛类的种类组成，数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明，该海域多毛类４０４种，习见种１９１种，区系属亚热带性质；平均生物量４．３３ｇ／ｍ＾２，平均栖息密度６８个／ｍ＾２；有沿岸性和外洋性两种明显不同的生态类型，前者位于沿岸水系常年控制海域，种类多，数量较大，后者位于南部粗粒沉积物分布区，种类较少；多毛类高数量区与     

夜光藻的室内培养

夜光藻的室内培养对于研究夜光藻的生理生态特性及其增殖机理是一个关键性的环节。通过试验，发现在实验室条件下以扁藻作为饵料，夜光藻能良好的生长和繁殖，从而为夜光藻的室内培养解决了关键性的饵料问题，实现了国内夜光藻室内的长期培养。     

碱厂废水光谱特性实验研究

该文报道碱厂废水随浓度变化的光谱实验。分析碱厂废水的光谱特征 ,并与相同浓度的海水悬浮泥沙水体的光谱进行比较 ;确定该废水特征波长为 50 1.3nm。根据光谱实验结果 ,结合当前已有的水色传感器的资料 ,选择两个卫星传感器波段 :Sea WIFS第四频道 (497.2～ 52 1.6 nm)和TM第二频道 (518.9～ 6 0 0 .2 nm) ;利用数字对 (R,c) ,建立了反射率与该污染水体浓度间的相关模式。为遥感技术大面积、快速地监测碱厂废水污染水体提供理论依据。     

福建沿海沉积物中硫化物的分布

测定了福建沿海１７９个表层沉积物样品中硫化物的含量，潮间带含量范围为２．５０—１５２．０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，浅海含量范围为２．５０—２９１．９７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１。     

利用卫星遥感资料估算海面太阳辐照度的初步结果

本文在分析了若干由卫星信息提取地表的太阳辐照度物理模式的基础上,将１９９５年５月２６日的ＮＯＡＡ卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料经适当变换后,选用Ｈａｙ和Ｈａｎｓｏｎ模式估算并分析了黄渤海３５°～４０°Ｎ、１２０°～１２５°Ｅ海区的海面太阳辐照度值。文中指出,卫星测量可成为海面太阳辐照度观测的有效手段。建议：１）尽快在国内开展这方面的研究;２）应进行海洋实况测量（最好是卫星过境时同步进行）;３）建立从卫星资料提取我国海区海面辐照度的适用算法。     

海洋沉积物中烃类化合物预处理条件优化及应用

运用分辨率高、稳定性好的ＨＰ６８９０ 毛细管气相色谱仪定性、定量测定海洋沉积物中的正构烷烃和多环芳烃。对沉积物样品的预处理中抽提、蒸发、柱层析、萃取等步骤条件进行优化。优化方法中,正构烷烃系列化合物回收率为６５ ％ ～７６ ％ ,多环芳烃系列化合物为８８ ％ ～９５％ ,标准偏差是２．７％ ～２０．２％ （ｎ＝ ３）