藏南定日地区主中央冲断层与藏南拆离系的特征及其活动时代

低喜马拉雅结晶杂岩构成了北北东向阿伦背斜的核部,该背斜东、西两翼由高喜马拉雅结晶杂岩组成,这两者之间的界线为主中央冲断层(MCT1)。MCT1原为向南逆冲的韧性断层,后遭受北北东向褶皱作用而转变为正断层。高喜马拉雅结晶杂岩顶部被藏南拆离系下部的韧性正断层所截,与其上覆的北坳组分开,北坳组顶部又被一脆性正断层将其与上覆的藏南特提斯沉积岩分开。这条韧性正断层称为STD1,其上部的脆性正断层称为STD2。独居石U-Th-Pb测年结果和构造分析表明,藏南定日地区的高喜马拉雅结晶杂岩就是借助这2条韧性断层MCT1与STD1在大约13Ma时从藏南中下地壳折返至地壳浅部的,然后再遭受近南北向的褶皱作用。     

21 ka以来帝汶海区钻孔堆叠记录的古海洋学意义

印尼穿越流是连接西太平洋和印度洋的唯一载体,与东亚季风和ENSO活动密切相关。帝汶海区是印尼穿越流的主要出口之一,该区不同钻孔末次冰期以来的古海洋学记录显示在长时间尺度上变化存在着很高的相似性。为了捕捉出口处印尼穿越流的平均信号,本研究将这些记录进行堆叠,并与其他海区的钻孔记录进行对比,探讨印尼穿越流对东亚季风和ENSO活动的响应。总体上,堆叠记录较为精准地复制了各个钻孔记录的信息。帝汶海区表层海水温度堆叠记录与其他海区钻孔记录对比显示末次冰期至12~6 ka期间帝汶海可能位于暖池范围内,而晚全新世时位于暖池的边缘;温跃层深度、海水温度和盐度堆叠记录揭示自末次冰期以来印尼穿越流温跃层流呈现逐渐强化的趋势。结合现代水文资料和堆叠记录与其他古海洋古气候记录的对比等,本文推测了不同时期ENSO的冷暖期状态以及东亚季风对印尼穿越流的影响方式和过程。

     

Scientific detector workshop 2022 on-sky performance verification of near-infrared e−APD technology for wavefront sensing and demonstration of e−APD pixel performance to improve the sensitivity of large science focal planes

Near-infrared adaptive optics as well as fringe tracking for coherent beam combination in optical interferometry require the development of high-speed sensors. Because of the high speed, a large analog bandwidth is required. The short exposure times result in small signal levels which require noiseless detection. Both requirements cannot be met by state-of-the-art conventional CMOS technology of near-infrared arrays as has been attempted previously. A total of five near-infrared SAPHIRA 320 × 256 pixel HgCdTe e⁻APD arrays have been deployed in the wavefront sensors and in the fringe tracker of the VLTI instrument GRAVITY. The current limiting magnitude for coherent exposures with GRAVITY is m_k = 19, which is made possible with ADP technology. New avalanche photo-diode array (APD) developments since GRAVITY include the extension of the spectral sensitivity to the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.5 μm. After GRAVITY a larger format array with 512 × 512 pixels has been developed for both AO applications at the ELT and for long integration times. Since dark currents of <10⁻³ e⁻/s have been demonstrated with 1Kx1K e⁻APD arrays and 2Kx2K e⁻APD arrays have already been developed, the possibilities and adaptations of e⁻APD technology to provide noiseless large-format science-grade arrays for long integration times are also discussed.