基于A3航摄相机的正射影像制作及航线设计分析

介绍了A3相机航线设计的设计原则,推导分析了A3相机航线设计关键参数的计算公式,对该相机航线设计中各参数之间的相互关系有了深刻的理解。通过实例,验证了该相机在岛屿测区不同比例尺的航线设计方法。实践表明,充分理解设计参数意义,应用该方法设计航线,提高了航线设计效率,航线设计更科学,达到节约航摄成本的目的。     

陆盆层序地层研究的思路

根据陆相地层层序发育的特点,冲积扇、河流、三角洲或湖泊沉积环境,均受地层基准面控制,地层基准面穿越旋回控制着陆相环境重大层序分布。根据不同时间间隔的基准面穿越旋回序次,可将陆层序划分为盆地充填层序、构造层序、层序、亚层序以及小层序５个级别。每个层序（三级）根据蕨面的波动可划分为基准面上升沉积体系域和基准面下降沉积体系域,然后可进一步根据亚层序组的叠置特性进行细分。     

面向典型海洋现象观测的水下滑翔机应用综述

水下滑翔机是一种浮力驱动的无人水下自治观探测平台, 具有持续性、鲁棒性、自主性等特点, 是构建海洋观测技术体系重要的水下航行器之一。文章从水下滑翔机发展历程、运行方式和专用传感器展开, 基于国内外海洋学文献综述研究, 重点对水下滑翔机在典型海洋现象观测应用方面进行总结。水下滑翔机的运行稳定性、长时续, 观测高分辨率、低成本的特点, 满足了对海洋中尺度涡、内波、湍流、环流/边界流和锋面的长时间、精细化立体观测要求; 鲁棒性、自主性的特点使其能够适应台风过境、地震、原油泄漏前后等紧急恶劣海洋状况的监测; 运行平稳、低噪声的特点使其成为声学监测与探测的良好平台。对比分析国内外的水下滑翔机(组网)应用状况可以发现, 国内水下滑翔机在传感器、数据处理和组网技术方面都需要进一步完善。最后总结并展望了国内外水下滑翔机面向海洋现象观测的应用。     

20th-CENTURY CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE IN THE MOUNTAIN REGIONS OF CENTRAL EUROPE

Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 29 low-lying and mountain stations of 7 countries in Central Europe were analyzed. The analysis of the annual variation of diurnal temperature range helps to distinguish unique climatic characteristics of high and low altitude stations. A comparison of the time series of extreme daily temperatures as well as mean temperature shows a good agreement between the low-lying stations and the mountain stations. Many of the pronounced warm and cold periods are present in all time series and are therefore representative for the whole region. A linear trend analysis of the station data for the period 1901–1990 (19 stations) and 1951–1990 (all 29 stations) shows spatial patterns of similar changes in maximum and minimum daily temperatures and diurnal temperature range. Mountain stations show only small changes of the diurnal temperature range over the 1901–1990 period, whereas the low-lying stations in the western part of the Alps show a significant decrease of diurnal temperature range, caused by strong increase of the minimum temperature. For the shorter period 1951–1990, the diurnal temperature range decreases at the western low-lying stations, mainly in spring, whereas it remains roughly constant at the mountain stations. The decrease of diurnal temperature range is stronger in the western part than in the eastern part of the Alps.     

奥陶系未成熟藻干酪根水解下动力学参数的计算

利用爱沙尼亚奥陶系含藻干酪根未成熟生油岩样品的加水热模拟实验结果,计算了下古生界藻干酪根在各不同演化阶段的平均表观活化能和频率因子。发现其演化的整个过程不完全符合化学反应的一级反应,而是分段符合,动力学参数随演化程度的升高而先降低后增加。其计算结果对于我国下古生界及中上元古界生油层盆地模拟和资源评价具有重要的参考价值。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷依南2气藏成藏期次研究

依南2构造位于新疆维吾尔族自治区塔里木盆地库车坳陷克-依构造带东段的依奇克里克背斜南部。通过天然气甲烷碳同位素、储集层有机包裹体均一温度、K-Ar同位素等方面的研究及其与天然气藏成藏过程关系的研究，确定了依南2侏罗系气藏的形成期次和过程，建立了气藏的成藏模式。依南2气藏的形成是一个连续过程，天然气藏的形成经历了早期有机包裹体形成和后期气藏形成两个阶段。天然气注入开始于吉迪克末期-康村期，该阶段是包裹体形成的主要时期。康村中期以后可能是气藏形成的主要时期。气源岩天然气进入储集层的排烃方式是直接排气，进入储集层形成气藏。天然气运移距离短，散失少；并有良好的煤系泥岩作为盖层，保存条件好；因而形成了依南2侏罗系气藏，原生气藏的主要控制因素是储集层的物性。     

推移质输沙对阶梯-深潭系统消能的影响

阶梯-深潭系统是山区河流上一种河床结构形态,具有稳定河床和消能减灾的作用。推移质运动会影响水流结构并改变河床形态,从而影响阶梯-深潭系统的消能效率。在野外构建阶梯-深潭系统,通过人工加沙试验,研究不同来水来沙对阶梯-深潭系统流场及消能的影响。研究表明,推移质运动使阶梯上紊动略增强,深潭中紊动大为减弱,从而使阶梯-深潭系统消能率降低。推移质运动的增强改变水流能量分配,其消能附加作用使阶梯-深潭结构消能降低和深潭淤埋。     

后注浆灌注桩承载力试验及分析

结合某后注浆工程,通过竖向静载试验对比,分析注浆与未注浆的钻孔灌注桩承载力性能及沉降规律,给同类工程提供有益的参考。桩端后注浆不但提高桩端阻力,还使桩侧摩阻力提高,并降低桩的变形量。注浆压力是在一定范围内变化的值,最大注浆压力随时间增大。桩间距较小或布桩集中的桩基应做现场试验确定注浆参数。     

夏季南海西部中尺度物理过程对营养盐和叶绿素a分布特征的影响

通过对2014年8月31日-9月26日国家自然科学基金委南海西部综合航次的调查结果分析,发现在中南半岛沿岸海域存在具有低温高盐的冷涡和位于其东南部海域具有高温低盐的暖涡。相对于暖涡和其他海域,冷涡水团含有更高的营养盐,并在50 m、75 m和100 m层增加明显,DIP分别高0.21 μmol/L、0.39 μmol/L和0.23 μmol/L,DIN分别高4.94 μmol/L、7.56 μmol/L和3.76 μmol/L,DSi分别高2.55 μmol/L、5.25 μmol/L和3.46 μmol/L,说明冷涡对提高初级生产力具有明显的营养优势条件和巨大潜力;叶绿素a最大值均出现在50 m层,其中以海南岛近岸海域最大,冷涡在25 m层提高初级生产力明显,主要是受营养盐影响显著;而在75 m、100 m层可能受到冷涡带来的低温环境而导致叶绿素a含量不高。     

Organic matter enrichment in the first member of the Xiagou formation of the lower Cretaceous in the Jiuquan Basin,China

The sources and enrichment of organic matter in a sediment core in the first member of the Xiagou Formation (K₁g¹) from the Chang 2-2 borehole of the Jiuquan Basin, NW China, have been examined using Rock–Eval, maceral, carbon isotopes and biomarker data. This data indicates that highly variable organic matter sources and preservation conditions in response to climate change. TOC content, HI, and δ¹³C value were strongly correlated with the abundance of gammacerane, woody organic matter content, steranes/hopanes ratio, and C₂₉ sterane content. This correlation demonstrates the importance that the control of the salinity of the depositional environment and organic matter sources can have upon the enrichment, type, and carbon isotopic composition of organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s relatively high temperature and arid climate, high salinity lakes with high primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria, and good organic matter preservation conditions (anoxic bottom water) resulted in the enrichment of isotopically-light algae-bacterial organic matter. In the Jiuquan Basin’s regions with a relatively low temperature and wet climate, fresh lakes with low primary productivity of algae, planktons, and bacteria received significant terrigenous high plants input, resulting in the deposition of a low abundance of isotopically heavier terrestrial organic matter.