反射波法检测水泥搅拌桩的可行性和方法研究

水泥搅拌桩作为桩基础的一种特殊形式,在软土地基地区已被广泛应用。由于其桩身纵波波速远低于混凝土桩的波速,且长径比一般较小及桩身均质性等问题,所以应用于混凝土桩的小应变反射波检测方法是否可以应用于对水泥搅拌桩进行检测,在测桩界尚存在分歧意见。作者从理论上分析了反射波法的本质,指出波阻抗差异,分辨率和波长的关系是反射波法的要害。本文讨论了长径比的实际意义及其与一维波动理论的关系．提出了水泥搅拌桩“桩身质量“的新观点。从理论分析和实际检测结果资料的讨论出发．肯定了反射渡完全可以对水泥搅拌桩进行检测,并总结了实际检测过程中的方法技术。     

蒙古裸腹溞染色体组型研究

本文对驯养于实验室自然海水中的蒙古裸腹溞（Ｍｏｉｎａ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＤａｄａｙ）染色体进行了分析、研究。结果表明：蒙古裸腹溞染色体数目为ｎ＝１２, ２ｎ＝２４。其中１０条为中部着丝点染色体,２条为亚中部着丝点染色体,１２条为端部着丝点染色体,总臂数ＮＦ＝３６。其核型公式为２Ｎ＝１０Ｍ＋２ＳＭ＋１２Ｔ。本文还与溞属（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａ）６个种类的染色体形态进行了比较,并对蒙古裸腹溞孤雌生殖与两性生殖及性转化的问题开展了讨论。     

西藏谢通门县北1998年7月20日6.1级地震烈度及灾害损失评估

１９９８年７月２０日西藏谢通门６．１级地震发生在甲岗东麓断层上。宏观震中位于谢通门县青都乡凯仁村附近,震中烈度为Ⅶ度。该地震震害波及１市、１县、１１个乡、７９个行政村,受灾人口２４ ０５８人,受灾面积达６ ７００ｋｍ ２,造成直接经济损失达９ ７６３ ０００元     

岩溶水系统溶蚀速度的多重耦合模型——以山西太原东山水文地质系统为例

本文运用化学热力学与水文地质系统耦合理论,将太原东山水文地质系统划分成矿物溶解、沉淀各异的区带;通过各区带内的化学—数学与相关分析法的耦合模型,计算出各区带碳酸、硫酸盐岩的综合溶蚀模量;再将综合溶蚀模量和用化学动力学理论确定地下水实际速度的解析解公式与有限单元法耦合,计算确定出各节点的溶蚀速度。从而不仅有效地评价了水文地质系统内的溶蚀特点,还可反映区内地质构造和水文地质条件,以及含水层在倾向方向随埋深增大呈幂函数变化的规律;进而可确定出区内供水、矿井防治水的最佳勘探地段。这些不仅具有一定理论意义,也具有一定的社会和经济效益      

利用频谱响应函数进行淄河流域地下水资源评价

本文采用系统方法,把淄河流域复杂的断裂岩溶含水系统划分为六个子系统。利用系统输入和输出的谱分析,认识系统特征,确定频谱响应函数,计算出系统参数,定量评价地下水资源。      

利用预测型线性规划评价矿区地下水开采量

建立了某矿区水源地当前和未来不同时期地下水开采量评价的预测型线性规划模型,得到了不同时期的最大开采量及相应的最优运行方案,为矿区发展规划提供了决策依据。      

济南泉域地下水年龄计算

本文应用环境同位素分析,估算了济南泉域地下水的年龄;根据碳酸盐矿物溶解动力学理论,又计算了泉水的化学年龄;并与同位素求出的年龄作出比较。      

试论岩溶水运动的某些特征

<正> 岩溶水的赋存和运动特征,自从Grund(1930年)和Katzer(1909年)提出岩溶水的“潜水流”说和“孤立水流”说以来,地质界虽然已经讨论了五十多年,也发表过很多见解,但至今争论仍在继续。目前,我国一般趋向于:既存在具有统一的连续的含水层,也存在集中的管道水流,在一些情况下以前者占优势,在另一些情况下以后者占优势,或两者并存。      

Metamorphic,deformation, fluids and geological significance of low-temperature retrograde mylonites of Diancangshan metamorphic massif along Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone,Yunnan, China

Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especially since the late Oligocene it widely suffered high-temperature ductile shear deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks from the deep crust to the shallow surface. Based on the previous research and geological field work, this paper presents a detailed study on deformation and metamorphism, and exhumation of deep metamorphic rocks within the Diancangshan metamorphic massif, especially focusing on the low-temperature overprinted retrogression metamorphism and deformation of mylonitic rocks. With the combinated experimental techniques of optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction attachmented on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence, our contribution reports the microstructure, lattice preferred orientations of the deformed minerals, and the changes of mineral composition phases of the superposition low-temperature retrograde mylonites. All these results indicate that: (1) Diancangshan deep metamorphic rock has experienced early high-temperature left-lateral shear deformation and late extension with rapid exhumation, the low-temperature retrogression metamorphism and deformation overprinted the high-temperature metamorphism, and the high-temperature microstructure and texture are in part or entirely altered by subsequent low-temperature shearing; (2) the superposition of low-temperature deformation-metamorphism occurs at the ductile-brittle transition; and (3) the fluid is quite active during the syn-tectonic shearing overprinted low-temperature deformation and metamorphism. The dynamic recrystallization and/or fractures to micro-fractures result in the strongly fine-grained of the main minerals, and present strain localization in micro-domians, such as micro-shear zones in the mylonites. It is often accompanied by the decrease of rock strength and finally influences the rheology of the whole rock during further deformation and exhumation of the Diancangshan massif.     

3D P‐wave traveltime computation in transversely isotropic media using layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching

Subsurface rocks (e.g. shale) may induce seismic anisotropy, such as transverse isotropy. Traveltime computation is an essential component of depth imaging and tomography in transversely isotropic media. It is natural to compute the traveltime using the wavefront marching method. However, tracking the 3D wavefront is expensive, especially in anisotropic media. Besides, the wavefront marching method usually computes the traveltime using the eikonal equation. However, the anisotropic eikonal equation is highly non‐linear and it is challenging to solve. To address these issues, we present a layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching method to compute the P‐wave traveltime in 3D transversely isotropic media. To simplify the wavefront tracking, it uses the traveltime of the previous depth as the boundary condition to compute that of the next depth based on the wavefront marching. A strategy of traveltime computation is designed to guarantee the causality of wave propagation. To avoid solving the non‐linear eikonal equation, it updates traveltime along the expanding wavefront by Fermat's principle. To compute the traveltime using Fermat's principle, an approximate group velocity with high accuracy in transversely isotropic media is adopted to describe the ray propagation. Numerical examples on 3D vertical transverse isotropy and tilted transverse isotropy models show that the proposed method computes the traveltime with high accuracy. It can find applications in modelling and depth migration.