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141.
合肥市夏季热岛特征研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
根据2002牟夏季高温期间合肥市城市小气候考察的资料,分析了合肥市夏季城市热岛特征以及热岛强度的历史变化。结果表明:1)合肥市夏季热岛强度的日变化与冬季明显不同,夏季晴天一天中热岛强度只出现一个峰值,其基本特征与Oke提出的理想状态下的城市热岛强度日变化的模式曲线非常相似,而冬季与高纬地区的加拿大卡尔加里城市的热岛强度日变化特征接近。这反映了冬、夏两季人类活动、能源消耗量的不同;2)随着城市范围的扩大和城市绿化工程的实施,合肥市热岛面积、分布形状有了一定的改变,但主要分布特征和强度基本没有变化。 相似文献
142.
143.
QiaoQin Xie TianHu Chen XiaoChun Xu ChengSong Qing HuiFang Xu YuBing Sun JunFeng Ji 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):313-322
The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite,
hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis,
using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages
among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has
occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess
Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim,
and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol,
and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence
of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program
(Grant No. 2007CB815603) 相似文献
144.
145.
Mourad Essalhi Stanislas Sizaret Luc Barbanson Yan Chen France Lagroix François Demory José M. Nieto Reinaldo Sáez M. Ángeles Capitán 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(8):981-999
In the Rio Tinto district of the Iberian Pryrite Belt of South Spain, the weathering of massive sulfide bodies form iron caps,
i.e., true gossans and their subsequent alteration and re-sedimentation has resulted in iron terraces, i.e., displaced gossans.
To study the stucture and evolution of both types of gossans, magnetic investigations have been carried out with two foci:
(1) the characterisation and spatial distribution of magnetic fabrics in different mineralised settings, including massive
sulfides, gossans, and terraces, and (2) paleomagnetic dating. Hematite has been identified as the suceptibility carrier in
all sites and magnetic fabric investigation of four gossans reveals a vertical variation from top to bottom, with: (1) a horizontal
foliation refered to as “mature” fabric in the uppermost part of the primary gossans, (2) highly inclined or vertical foliation
interpreted as “immature” fabric between the uppermost and lowermost parts, and (3) a vertical foliation interpreted to be
inherited from Hercynian deformation in the lowermost part of the profiles. In terraces, a horizontal foliation dominates
and is interpreted to be a “sedimentary” fabric. Rock magnetic studies of gossan samples have identified goethite as the magnetic
remanence carrier for the low-temperature component, showing either a single direction close to the present Earth field (PEF)
direction or random directions. Maghemite, hematite, and occasionally magnetite are the remanence carriers for the stable
high-temperature component that is characterized by non PEF directions with both normal and reversed magnetic polarities.
No reliable conclusion can be yet be drawn on the timing of terrace magnetization due to the small number of samples. In gossans,
the polarity is reversed in the upper part and normal in the lower part. This vertical distribution with a negative reversal
test suggests remanence formation during two distinct periods. Remanence in the upper parts of the gossans is older than in
the lower parts, indicating that the alteration proceeded from top to bottom of the profiles. In the upper part, the older
age and the horizontal “mature” fabric is interpreted to be a high maturation stage of massive sulfides’ alteration. In the
lower part, the age is younger and the inherited “imature” vertical Hercynian fabric indicates a weak maturation stage. These
two distinct periods may reflect changes of paleoclimate, erosion, and/or tectonic motion. 相似文献
146.
新疆西准噶尔地区不同类型金矿床Rb—Sr同位素年代研究 总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25
西准噶尔地区是新疆最重要的金矿区之一。已发现大、中、小型金矿床10余个,金矿化点数百处。矿石类型有含金石英大脉开明、石英网脉开明和蚀变岩型。矿床成因类型有4种:一册热液型,其成因与区内早-中石炭世火山作用有关;二为潜火山热液型,与中酸性斑岩体侵位有关;三为岩浆热液型,与花岗质岩浆的侵位有关;四为动力变质热液型,沿断裂带分布于蚀变玄武岩中,系区域动力变质作用的产物。成矿作用及相关地质事件同位素年代学 相似文献
147.
Xuan Chen Masatoshi Aoki Shangxun Zhang Jinhua Zhang Susumu Nozoe Daisuke Komori Akinori Takami Shiro Hatakeyama 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,60(1):37-49
In order to study the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the factors controlling its concentrations, we monitored concentrations of H2O2 and other gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, and NO
x
as well as meteorological factors such as air temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction/speed during eight measurement
periods from 2000 to 2002 in a Japanese red pine forest in Japan. The H2O2 concentrations ranged from below 0.01 to 1.64 ppb, and analysis of the diurnal variation in H2O2 concentration showed high concentrations around noon, and low concentrations in the morning and late afternoon. The H2O2 concentrations were high in early summer, when O3 concentration, temperature, and solar radiation were high, and were low in fall, when O3 concentration, temperature, and solar radiation were low. We propose that O3 concentration affects the production of H2O2 in the monitored region during the period under study, but that high H2O2 concentrations were sometimes caused by the transport of polluted air from urban regions. H2O2 concentrations decreased remarkably when SO2 concentrations increased by transported volcanic emission on Miyake Island. In the absence of the effects of SO2, H2O2 concentrations increased with increasing O3 concentration and temperature. 相似文献
148.
149.
To assess the potential impacts of the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, this study applied GCAM-TU (an updated version of the Global Change Assessment Model) to simulate global and regional emission pathways of energy-related CO2, which show that US emissions in 2100 would reduce to ?2.4?Gt, ?0.7?Gt and ?0.2?Gt under scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP3.7 and RCP4.5, respectively. Two unfavourable policy scenarios were designed, assuming a temporary delay and a complete stop for US mitigation actions after 2015. Simulations by the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change (MAGICC) indicate that the temperature increase by 2100 would rise by 0.081°C–0.161°C compared to the three original RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) if US emissions were kept at their 2015 levels until 2100. The probability of staying below 2°C would decrease by 6–9% even if the US resumes mitigation efforts for achieving its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target after 2025. It is estimated by GCAM-TU that, without US participation, increased reduction efforts are required for the rest of the world, including developing countries, in order to achieve the 2°C goal, resulting in 18% higher global cumulative mitigation costs from 2015 to 2100.Key policy insights
President Trump’s climate policies, including planned withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, cast a shadow on international climate actions, and would lower the likelihood of achieving the 2°C target.
To meet the 2°C target without the US means increased reduction efforts and mitigation costs for the rest of the world, and considerable economic burdens for major developing areas.
Active state-, city- and enterprise-level powers should be supported to keep the emission reduction gap from further widening even with reduced mitigation efforts from the US federal government.
150.
在TOGA-COAREIOP期间用涡度相关法对海气热通量进行了船载直接观测.对垂直风速、温度和湿度湍流脉动观测数据的谱分析显示它们在高频区基本满足"-2/3次方律".对船体简谐震荡影响的讨论从理论上证明该影响在热通量计算中可被忽略.根据以此方法得到的通量求出了中性层结条件下感热和潜热的整体输送系数分别为2.25×10-3和1.26×10-3.对海气边界层特性的分析表明该海域的近海层主要呈中性或弱不稳定层结.海气通量的变化与背景环流形势密切相关,潜热通量主要受海面风场强度的影响,而感热通量变化除了风场的影响外,层结变化也是一个重要因素.用整体输送法计算TOGA-COAREIOP期间以及TOGA期间8个航次的通量结果而得到的Bowen比约为0.1,显示潜热通量是暖池大气的主要热源. 相似文献