The use of nitrate, bacteria and fluorescent tracers to characterize groundwater recharge and contamination in a karst catchment, Chongqing, China

The Qingmuguan subterranean river system is located in the suburb of Chongqing, China, and it is the drinking water source that local people downstream rely on. The study aims to provide a scientific basis for groundwater protection in that area, using a hydrogeological framework, tracer tests, hydrological online monitoring, and hydrochemical and microbiological investigation, including heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and the analysis of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and nitrobacteria (NB). The tracer tests proved simple and direct connections between two important sinkholes and the main springs, and also proved that the underground flows here are fast and turbulent. DNB and NB analyses revealed that the main recharge to the underground river in the dry season is the soil-leached water passing through the fissures of the epikarst, while in the rainy season, it is the surface water flow through sinkholes. The hydrochemical and microbiological data confirmed the notable impact of agriculture and sewage on the spring water quality. In the future, groundwater protection here should focus on targeted vulnerability mapping that yields different protection strategies for different seasons.     

冀东双山子群及朱杖子群时代归属

双山子群和朱杖子群为一套变余组构保存较好的低角闪岩相－高绿片岩相变质岩系，分布于河北省青龙县双山子一带，东西宽１４ｋｍ，南北长４０ｋｍ。过去大多数地质学家认为，在晚太古代末期－早元古代初期，双山子地区出现裂谷式下陷带，控制了双山子群和朱杖子群的沉积，东部的安子岭杂岩区和西部的迁西群分布区是古隆起区，笔者认为双山子群和朱杖子群是晚太古代生成的，因为，双山子群和朱杖子群与安子岭杂岩和界岭口闪长岩是侵入接触关系，两岩体的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时年龄分别为２４５２Ｍａ和２４４６Ｍａ。在双山子东南２８ｋｍ的庙沟也出露面积约２ｋｍ２的朱杖子群，在安子岭杂岩和界岭口闪长岩中见有大量两群表壳岩的包体，作为朱杖子群底砾岩的老爷庙砾岩，砾石成分主要是闪长岩、火山岩和粉砂岩，从未见到片麻岩。说明砾石来源于下伏双山子群而不是安子岭片麻岩和迁西群片麻岩，因此，晚太古代末期－早元古代初期，双山子一带不是断陷盆地，安子岭地区不是隆起区，双山子群和朱杖子群是晚太古代沉积的。     

基于信息量模型和机器学习方法的滑坡易发性评价研究——以四川理县为例

以阿坝藏族羌族自治州地质灾害频发的理县为研究区,从地形地貌、地质环境、水文条件和人类工程活动等方面选取11个影响因子,通过皮尔森相关系数研究各因子之间的相关性,从而构建滑坡易发性评价指标体系。利用信息量模型计算各影响因子的信息量值,从信息量模型得出的极低和低易发性分区中选取非滑坡样本,在此基础上将样本数据代入随机森林和径向基函数神经网络2种机器学习模型开展滑坡易发性评价,并通过接收灵敏度（Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC）曲线进行精度验证。结果显示：随机森林模型预测出的高易发区单位面积内分布的滑坡点数量更为集中,在仅占6.666%的区域分布了74.026%的灾害点,评价结果优于径向基函数神经网络模型。ROC曲线中两模型AUC（Area Under Curve）值分别为0.893、0.874,说明随机森林模型具有更高的可靠性,比径向基函数神经网络在该区域地质灾害易发性评价中更具优势。     

重磁电勘探在黑龙江三江盆地石炭系—二叠系油气地质调查中的应用

三江盆地东部地区零星出露有古生界石炭—二叠纪地层,总有机碳等烃源岩评价指标良好,但在盆地中的展布情况一直未知。在东北地区老油田开发成本日益高涨,亟需新的油气勘探接替区的背景下,为了查明三江盆地石炭—二叠纪地层的发育特征,在三江盆地以石炭—二叠系为主要目的层开展油气地质调查实施了重磁电勘探工程,对所取得的4条重磁电剖面资料进行了处理和定性分析,在综合信息反演和成像的基础上建立了重磁电综合反演剖面图。对研究区地层、物性特征进行了系统的研究与总结,主要利用大地电磁测深反演电阻率低阻标志层,初步刻画了石炭—二叠系的分布特征,并通过对二维反演电阻率断面进行残差处理,探索了石炭—二叠系泥岩的展布特征。     

基于声呐图像的深海采矿车组合定位导航算法

实现高精度的定位导航是深海采矿车完成海底工作任务的基础条件。在采矿车行进过程中,声呐设备生成的图像信息能够反映海底场景的变化,从而体现采矿车本身的运动,由此建立了一种声呐图像里程计,并将其与轮式里程计和USBL测量数据相结合提出了一种深海采矿车组合定位导航算法。首先对多波束前视声呐图像进行预处理,然后使用Canny算法进行特征检测并对特征点云进行配准,再结合声呐成像原理构建了声呐图像里程计运动模型,最后通过轮式里程计运动模型推导预测方程、声呐图像里程计运动模型和USBL测量数据推导更新方程,利用EKF（extended Kalman filter）算法实现基于多传感器融合的定位与姿态估计。海试数据验证了该组合定位算法能实现轮式里程计、声呐里程计和超短基线在速度、位置、艏向角估计、定位速率的精度互补,具有一定的有效性和精确性,该算法为深海采矿车的定位与导航算法研发提供了参考。     

黑龙江三江盆地早中生界大架山组硅质泥岩成烃潜力评价

近年来,中国老油田开发逐渐进入中后期,油气对外依存度也持续增高,亟需寻找新的油气区接替。三江盆地位于中国东北黑龙江省东部,是松辽盆地外围东部面积最大的盆地,迄今暂未取得油气勘探突破。笔者通过对三江盆地开展野外地质调查和钻井勘探,分析总结了该区早中生代沉积的大架山组含硅质岩层系的岩性与分布特征,认为这套早中生代硅质岩与暗色泥岩地层在盆地东部广泛发育并且厚度较大,并且相关测试结果表明其中的暗色泥岩有机质丰度可达0.95%,有机质类型以Ⅱ_1型为主,处于高成熟阶段,具有良好的生烃潜力,有望成为三江盆地油气勘探新层系,值得进一步开展油气勘探工作。     

Recent advance in study of K-Pg boundary in Jiayin of Heilongjiang,China and its adjacent area

The non-marine Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary ( KPgB) in Jiayin of Heilongjiang was first defined and reported in China by the authors' research team in 2011 . Thereafter the continuous research on the KPgB and its related Late Cretaceous biota in Jiayin has been made by the authors in 2012-2020 . The achievements of the research are mainly reflected as follows:(1) a new drilling borehole with 60 m in depth carried out in the Xiaoheyan of Jiayin in 2016 , supplemented new palynological evidence for the KPgB definition in 2011;( 2 ) some radiometric dating newly made on the strata related to the KPgB in Jiayin and its neighboring Russian area, provided the supplemental evidence for the KPgB definition in Jiayin;( 3 ) many new fossils found by the au-thors, represented by the angiosperms Dalembia and Nelumbo, refresh understanding the Late Cretaceous envi-ronment of Jiayin;and (4) the TEM method is applied in the study of pollen exine ultrastructure of Pseudoin-tegricorpus, Wodehouseia, and Aquilapollenites, promoting the late Maastrichtian ecological study in Jiayin, re-lated to the KPgB.     

盐度对中国东南沿海两种常见藤壶幼虫发育的影响

网纹藤壶Amphibalanus reticulatus和鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa是我国东南沿海两种常见的海洋污损生物种类, 在海洋生态系统中占有重要地位。探讨这两种藤壶的幼虫发育与盐度的关系有助于丰富和发展海洋生物学知识, 并为海洋污损生物防除相关工作的开展提供数据资料。研究探讨了网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶无节幼虫在盐度为6‰、12‰、18‰、24‰、30‰(对照组)和36‰的培养条件下的发育状况, 观察记录5天后幼虫的存活率和各期幼虫所占百分比, 采用最小显著差数法进行差异显著性分析。结果表明, 当水体盐度≤18‰时, 会严重阻滞网纹藤壶和鳞笠藤壶幼虫的发育, 甚至导致死亡; 而当盐度≥24‰时, 这2种藤壶幼虫的成活率虽不会随盐度改变发生显著变化, 但盐度为30‰的水体更有利于网纹藤壶幼虫的发育, 而鳞笠藤壶幼虫发育状况受盐度变化的影响不大, 具备更强的耐受能力。     

Mechanisms of isotopic control of precipitation in the Yellow River source region

The study of water vapour sources and water cycle patterns in the Yellow River source region is of great significance for ensuring water resource security in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. We established a precipitation stable isotope observation system in the Yellow River source region for three consecutive years (2020–2022), systematically analysed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation stable isotopes ²H and ¹⁸O in the Yellow River source region and their interrelationships with environmental factors and topography, and explored the regional water vapour transport pathways by using the HYSPLIT model and combining with the global reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) the δ¹⁸O and δ²H values of precipitation in the Yellow River source region follow the seasonal pattern, with the first half of the year being richer than the second half of the year; (2) the spatial variations of δ¹⁸O of precipitation in the Yellow River source region show a low in the southwest and a high in the northeast; (3) the water vapour source in the source area is basically stable, and the complex transport paths and the cross-effects of the local factors determine the stable isotope characteristics of the water, and the stable isotope characteristics of the water are determined by the cross-effects of the local factors, because the source of the water vapour and the local factors such as the height will not change significantly in the short term. Since the source of water vapour and local elevation factors will not change significantly in the short term, the precipitation pattern in the source area of the Yellow River can be considered to be basically stable.