Quantitative Characterization of Micropore Structure of Shale Reservoir

<正>The scholars in the world are trying to discuss the micropore structure of shale reservoir using different kinds of methods(Mercury Injection,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,Adsorption-Desorption,Scanning Emission Microscope,CT)when the shale oil and gas began to be effectively explored and be taken into account(Loucks et     

江西龙虎山地区红层沉积相分析及与丹霞地貌发育关系研究——以仙人城景区为例

江西龙虎山地区以发育老年期丹霞地貌为特色,其成景地层为晚白垩世河口组红层,目前对这套红层的沉积相认识程度还比较低。龙虎山仙人城景区河口组出露厚度达百余米,沉积构造发育,且人工开凿的台阶可以直达山顶,这为沉积相分析提供了便利条件。根据野外露头岩性组成、沉积构造等特点,识别出6种岩相单元:无沉积构造砾岩、正粒序层理砾岩、逆粒序层理砾岩、平行层理砾岩、含砾砂岩、古土壤。砾石统计结果表明,砾石粒径范围主要为3~4 cm,最大可达12.5 cm,成分以紫红色凝灰岩为主,砂岩、花岗岩和石英次之、变质岩（主要是片岩）较少,磨圆度主要为次棱角状,其次为棱角状。在显微镜下,砂岩碎屑颗粒主要呈棱角-次棱角状,分选性较差,粒径为0.05~2.00 mm,主要由石英、长石和岩屑组成,总体具有结构和成分成熟度中等偏低的特点。野外露头宏观和室内显微分析结果表明,仙人城丹霞地貌的成景地层为河流主导的冲积扇沉积体系的产物。在龙虎山地区,丹霞地貌的空间分布与盆地冲积扇沉积相的平面展布具有较好的一致性,盆地边缘冲积扇成因的厚层砾岩为后期丹霞地貌的形成和演化提供了物质基础。      

MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC UPLIFT-DENUDATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT,NORTHWESTERN CHINA: CONSTRAINTS FROM APATITE FISSION TRACK DATA

本文利用裂变径迹方法探讨阿尔金断裂中段吐拉-肃北之间隆升和剥露过程.古生代花岗岩和侏罗系沉积岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄介于107.2 ±9.0Ma到14.1±1.3Ma之间,明显小于其侵位年龄或者沉积年龄.自西部的吐拉到东端的肃北,磷灰石裂变径迹年龄逐渐升高,从14.1±1.3Ma增加到107.2±9.0Ma.花岗岩和侏罗系砂岩的磷灰石裂变径迹模拟结果表明,阿尔金断裂南侧地质体经历了两阶段的快速冷却过程,早期为33Ma左右,晚期为8Ma左右;阿尔金断裂北侧经历了晚白垩世开始的相对缓慢的冷却过程以及8Ma以来快速冷却事件.阿尔金断裂南北两侧的地质体的裂变径迹年龄和热历史略有差异,可能反映阿尔金断裂的影响.33Ma左右的快速冷却事件可能是阿尔金断裂活动引起的快速去顶作用的开始,这一事件对应了印度和欧亚板块碰撞.8Ma左右的冷却事件,与阿尔金山地区盆地内的快速沉积过程相一致,同时可能是青藏高原抬升与侧向生长在本区的响应.     

湖南水口山多金属矿区废石堆重金属污染评价及赋存形态分析

湖南水口山及周边是湖南省重金属污染较为严重的地区之一,龙王山金矿床是该区中部的一个重要金矿床.为调查该矿床废石堆污染状况、是否为周边环境的污染源、污染途径、重金属迁移能力和潜在的危害,对矿区FS17废石堆进行了自然淋滤水和24 m浅钻系统取样,开展重金属元素总量分析,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其重金属污染程度进行污染评价,采用四步改良BCR提取法分析废石堆中8种重（类）金属元素（Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、As和Fe）的赋存形态,并利用迁移指数量化废石堆重金属元素迁移能力;发现废石堆中Cd、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni重金属元素严重超标,且在垂向上分布极不均匀;其自然淋滤水样中重金属元素Cd、Ni、Zn、Cu也严重超标;废石堆浅层重金属元素潜在迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Ni≈Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Fe,深层重金属元素迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Pb＞As＞Fe,浅层重金属元素的迁移性大于深层;说明该废石堆重金属元素含量高,是周围环境重要污染源,酸性废水排放为其释放污染元素的主要途径;Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni迁移能力强,是周围环境的主要污染元素;Pb、Ni、As的迁移性在深层明显降低,可以通过埋深来削弱其迁移性,而Cr不会对周边环境产生污染.      

The formation environment and development modes of Cenozoic source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin

According to the drilling results,there are three sets of source rocks of the Cenozoic Group in the Qiongdongnan Basin,including the Yacheng Formation transitional facies mudstone,the Oligocene Lingshui Formation semi-enclosed marine facies mudstone,and the Miocene neritic-bathyal facies mudstone.The hydrocarbon generating conditions of the source rocks in the study area are mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and organic matter input.The abundance of organic matter in the Oligocene source rocks which were formed in a low-energy back shore environment is confined by organic matter input and hydrodynamic condition.The Miocene source rocks formed in the open marine environment lack terrestrial organic matter input,whose organic matter abundance is constrained by the primary production of the ocean and the preservation condition of organic matter.In addition,the redox conditions are also significant to the formation of source rocks in the study area.According to the differences in key factors controlling the development of source rocks in different time periods and structural belts revealed by drilling practice,three development patterns of source rocks have been put forward.The first one is the transitional facies model featuring a great deal of terrestrial organic matter and weakly hydrodynamic conditions which are apt to develop high effective source rocks in the Yacheng Formation.The second one is the semi-enclosed marine facies featuring abundant terrestrial organic matter,weakly hydrodynamic condition and fine preservation condition in the central depression zone,which are apt to form fine-quality source rocks in the Lingshui Formation.The third one is the marine facies model featuring strong hydrodynamics in the shore-shallow area of northern continental shelf and the lack of benthic algae which are against the development of source rocks.It can be predicted that the continental slope is the perfect place to form source rocks where adequate amounts of light favor the photosynthesis of plants,besides the fine preservation and weakly hydrodynamic conditions.In the deep sea area,although accompanied with weakly hydrodynamic conditions and a reduction environment,it is not suitable for the development of source rocks on account of less aquatic organisms causing low primary production.     

考虑初始倾斜的风机塔近场抗震可靠度分析

为研究初始倾斜对风机塔结构动力可靠度的影响,利用高精度免棱镜全站仪实测某2 MW风力发电塔缩尺模型的初始倾斜缺陷,并通过ABAQUS软件分别建立倾斜以及无倾斜的有限元模型,开展结构在八度多遇近场随机地震动作用下的动力反应分析,随之采用Kriging插值模型结合子集模拟方法,计算两类模型在首次超越破坏准则下的抗震可靠度。研究结果表明：初始倾斜缺陷放大了结构塔顶侧移响应,在均值意义上,初始倾斜缺陷使得该风机塔缩尺模型的塔顶侧移增幅达7.8%;当侧移阈值达到6 mm时,所述两类模型的可靠度均接近于1,当设计阈值超过此数值时,模型初始倾斜带来的不利影响可忽略不计,而当设计阈值不足时,结构安全水准会因初始倾斜的存在而明显降低。因此,在风机塔可靠性设计中,建议对初始倾斜缺陷带来的可靠度下降这一因素加以考虑。     

精密轨道支持下的哨兵卫星TOPS模式干涉处理

哨兵卫星采用TOPS模式成像,为确保影像干涉相位偏差小于3°,方位向配准精确度需达到0.001个像素。本文论证了哨兵卫星精密轨道条件下进行几何配准即可达到较高的配准精度,满足增强谱分集进行方位向残余偏移量估计的前提条件,并基于DORIS软件实现哨兵卫星TOPS模式影像的几何配准和增强谱分集优化配准处理。地表方位向形变等信号可导致Burst干涉图之间发生相位跳变,并对增强谱分集估计几何配准残余偏移量时产生干扰,本文开展了相关的理论分析和数据处理试验,提出粗差探测方法消除相位跳变对增强谱分集配准的干扰。     

地下水开采与地面沉降关系的短基线集分析

针对传统地面沉降监测手段阻碍了地下水的开采控制及其相关研究这一情况,该文基于短基线集时序分析方法提取了天津市平原地表形变信息。首先根据合成孔径雷达干涉结果分析了天津市地面沉降分布特征,然后定量研究了地面沉降漏斗分布特征,最后以北辰区为例将实测地下水降落漏斗与地面沉降中心进行耦合。结果表明:天津市地面沉降产生主导因素为超量开采造成的地下水位下降,两者直接相关;地下水超采区内的地面沉降中心与地下水漏斗中心大致吻合,并有整体稍向西北方向偏移的趋势,原因可能为地下水开采后,受岩土的厚度与性质控制,其软土层固结速滞后于地下水位的水头变化。