太阳轨迹空间连续性的日照分析算法优化

针对日照分析模拟必须考虑众多真三维地形/地物的遮挡因素,传统的日照分析方法难以在现实世界的复杂地理场景中得出高效、准确分析结果的问题展开研究,基于太阳运行轨迹的空间连续性,利用数据缓存方法对遮挡图元进行预判,实现了日照分析算法的优化。应用实例表明,将该方法与空间划分方法配合使用,可以在保证运算结果正确的基础上,进一步提高日照分析的计算效率,从而实现复杂地理场景中准确、快速的日照分析计算。     

中国主要城市旅游要素网络关注空间演化特征

旅游要素发展水平是衡量旅游产业成熟程度的重要标志。通过建立旅游"六要素"搜索关键词选取、搜索数据剥离及合成的技术方法,结合2011-2015年我国24个主要城市旅游要素网络关注度数据,采用变差系数、赫芬达尔系数等指标和标准差椭圆方法,分析城市旅游要素的网络关注指数空间演化特征。结果表明:2011至2015年,"吃、住、行、娱"四要素网络关注指数城市差异呈"V"字趋势波动,"购"要素差异越来越大,"游"要素差异则越来越小;旅游"六要素"网络关注指数的赫芬达尔系数变化不大,各城市度集聚程度低,关注较为分散;旅游"六要素"网络关注指数在空间扩展上具有极大相似性,呈现出东北—西南格局,向正东—正西方向转变的趋势。但"吃、住、行、购"等旅游要素网络关注指数标准差椭圆的中心呈现向西南偏移的趋势,而"游、娱"旅游要素则呈现出向东北偏移的趋势。     

地球化学组成揭示的杜蒙沙地化学风化和沉积再循环特征及其对风尘物质贡献的指示

对杜蒙沙地的河流冲积砂、河漫滩泥质粉砂、沙质古土壤和风成沙等不同类型沉积物进行了采样（27组）,对这些样品的细颗粒组分（<63 μm）进行了常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素（REE）和Sr-Nd同位素比值等地球化学分析,就杜蒙沙地的化学风化、沉积再循环特征及其对风尘物质的贡献等展开了讨论。结果显示,杜蒙沙地的地球化学组成表现出空间的均一性,低的化学蚀变指数CIA（48~56,平均52）及A-CN-K和A-CNK-FM图解均表明了杜蒙沙地仅遭受了低级的化学风化程度。沙地的成分成熟度较低,大部分河流沉积物表现出初次循环沉积特征,系大兴安岭东侧中酸性岩浆母岩风化剥蚀的产物经嫩江搬运堆积形成;古土壤表现出与河流沉积物相同的初次循环特征,表明古土壤的成土母质是河流沉积物,这与野外地层出露情况一致;风成沙表现出再循环沉积特征,系河流沉积物就地起沙搬运堆积形成。不活动元素比值、REE和Sr-Nd同位素比值等物源判别图解,结合植被和地貌状况,一致表明杜蒙沙地与东北平原中东部的风尘物质没有地球化学亲缘关系,其对该地区（甚至下风向更远地区）的大气风尘的贡献很小。     

胸腹部双螺旋CT扫描与临床应用

报告了２５００例胸腹部双螺旋ＣＴ扫描，胸部１０７５例，其中肺恶性肿瘤４０８例，肺炎性疾病３０１例，结核１０８例，胸膜疾病７５例，纵隔肿瘤和转移瘤５４例，腹部１４２５例，其中肝硬化、肝恶性肿瘤４２７例，良性病变１５６例，胰腺为、胰腺癌１１５例，肾、肾上腺肿瘤１９５例，其它胸部和腹部如：肝、胆囊、消化道及腹膜后疾病２３２例，余者共４２９列示查出病变。上述疾病均经临床或病理证实。双螺旋ＣＴ扫描的优点是速     

Paleomagnetic evidence for a diachronic clockwise rotation of the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan

Paleomagnetic results obtained from over 2100 cores sampled at 132 early Pliocene to late Pleistocene sites in the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan indicate that, since the late Pliocene, the margin of the Philippine Sea plate has undergone a clockwise rotation of about 30° as a direct consequence of the Plio-Pleistocene collision of this plate with the Chinese Continental plate. The rotation is diachronic and started between 3 and 4 Ma ago in the northern Coastal Range then propagated southward at an average speed of the order of 70 ± 10 km/Ma. This value is in very good agreement with estimates of the southward propagation of the collision between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian margin in Taiwan. It is suggested that the rotation reflects the deformation of the Philippine Sea plate at depth and does not results from the shallow deformations involved in the building of the Coastal Range orogen.     

Applicability of CPT-based methods in predicting toe bearing capacities of driven piles in sand

This paper presents a study on applicability of predicting toe bearing capacities from cone penetration test (CPT) for PHC (pretensioned spun high-strength concrete) driven piles into deep sandy deposits in the Nakdong River deltaic area west of Busan City in South Korea. Using toe bearing capacities obtained from pile driving analyzer (PDA) tests as reference values, which were reliably calibrated by on-site O-cell tests, the applicability of the CPT-based methods was evaluated using a statistical rank index (RI). A total of 82 piezocone penetration test soundings and 190 PDA test piles were used for reliability analysis in this study. Three correction steps were applied to obtain reliable PDA and CPT data sets before ranking is carried out. The RI index is combined from four criteria: (1) the best-fit line, (2) the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, (3) the cumulative probabilities, and (4) the log-normal and histogram distributions. Based on these criteria the performance of some SPT-based methods in the literature is evaluated.     

Fluid venting and seepage at accretionary ridges: the Four Way Closure Ridge offshore SW Taiwan

Within the accretionary prism offshore SW Taiwan, widespread gas hydrate accumulations are postulated to occur based on the presence of a bottom simulating reflection. Methane seepage, however, is also widespread at accretionary ridges offshore SW Taiwan and may indicate a significant loss of methane bypassing the gas hydrate system. Four Way Closure Ridge, located in 1,500 m water depth, is an anticlinal ridge that would constitute an ideal trap for methane and consequently represents a site with good potential for gas hydrate accumulations. The analysis of high-resolution bathymetry, deep-towed sidescan sonar imagery, high-resolution seismic profiling and towed video observations of the seafloor shows that Four Way Closure Ridge is and has been a site of intensive methane seepage. Continuous seepage is mainly evidenced by large accumulations of authigenic carbonate precipitates, which appear to be controlled by the creation of fluid pathways through faulting. Consequently, Four Way Closure Ridge is not a closed system in terms of fluid migration and seepage. A conceptual model of the evolution of gas hydrates and seepage at accretionary ridges suggests that seepage is common and may be a standard feature during the geological development of ridges in accretionary prisms. The observation of seafloor seepage alone is therefore not a reliable indicator of exploitable gas hydrate accumulations at depth.     

浅化波浪层流边界层流速分布特性的数值分析

建立了同时考虑波致雷诺应力和时均水平压强梯度影响的二阶波浪边界层数学模型,模型计算得到的浅化波浪层流边界层内瞬时流速剖面、振荡速度幅值和时均流速剖面均与水槽实验数据吻合较好,在此基础上探讨了浅化波浪边界层流速分布特性及其影响机制。随着波浪的浅化变形,边界层内时均流速剖面"底部向岸、上部离岸"的变化特征越来越明显。这是二阶对流项引起的波致雷诺应力和离岸回流引起的时均水平压强梯度共同作用的结果,在床面附近由波致雷诺应力占主导作用并趋于引起向岸流动,在上部区域由时均水平压强梯度占主导作用并趋于引起离岸流动。     

太湖贡湖湾滨岸带微生境特征与主要水质指标的关系分析

2014年8月26日和2015年1月18日,测量了太湖贡湖湾北侧的退圩还湖生态修复区滨岸带不同微生境下水体的主要水质指标,并进行了比较。采用单因素方差分析法,分析不同微生境下水质指标的差异,结合冗余分析法,计算各微生境因子对水质指标变化的解释率。结果表明,8月26日各主要水质指标含量都高于1月18日,不同岸线段之间和不同水深采样点之间的水质指标的差异更大。1月18日凹形岸线段的总氮、总磷、铵态氮和硝态氮的含量相对较高,而化学需氧量在凸形和平直岸线段含量相对较高;8月26日化学需氧量在凹形岸线段含量较高,而总磷和铵态氮在凸形岸线段含量相对较高。冗余分析发现,在1月18日岸线形态是影响各采样点主要水质指标最重要的因子,在8月26日水深对水体水质指标有较大影响。总体上,不同岸线形态段下水质指标随着水深的增加,变化不同,各岸线类型采样点之间的差异也不相同,构建相对复杂的岸线形态有利于提高水体水质指标的差异,增加滨岸带生境的多样性。