不同浓度β-胡萝卜素对三角帆蚌（Hyriopsiseumingii）早期珍珠色泽形成的影响

采用生理生化、激光拉曼和电镜扫描等方法进行添加不同浓度β-胡萝卜素对三角帆蚌早期珍珠色泽形成的研究。实验共分五组,I至V组β-胡萝卜素终浓度分别为0、0．000625％、0．00125％、0．0025％和0．005％。结果显示,当β-胡萝卜素的添加浓度为0．000625％时,SOD、POD的比活力均下降,而CAT的比活...     

建筑基坑监测的常见问题及对策

以某建筑基坑为例,探讨了不同观测时间对沉降的影响、不同位置观测点的沉降变化规律和地下水位升降对沉降的影响。为避免温度对观测成果的影响,沉降观测时间选择在上午进行,不宜选择在中午;在观测顺序上,先进行建筑物阳面测点观测,后进行阴面测点观测,尽量减少温度对沉降的影响;地下水回升引起地基回弹,沉降变化速率为负值,累计沉降量减少。     

Mineralogy,major and trace element geochemistry of riverbed sediments in the headwaters of the Yangtze,Tongtian River and Jinsha River

We collected riverbed sediments of the headwaters of the Yangtze River (Chumaer River, Tuotuo River, Gaerqu River and Buqu River), Tongtian River and Jinsha River (HTJR) flowing on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and analyzed their mineralogical features, major and trace element contents. The results show: (i) very poor correlations of Na₂O, K₂O, CaO, Ba, and Sr to SiO₂, LREE to Th, HREE to Hf, and Ta/La to Ti, and characteristics of Eu anomaly (the ratios of (Eu/Eu^*)_N range from 0.60 to 0.83 with an average value of 0.71) all indicate that the Jinsha River sediments have not undergone much mineralogical sorting; (ii) illite and chlorite are predominant clay minerals, and quartz, calcite, dolomite, albite, and K-feldspar are prevailing non-clay minerals. The characteristics of mineral assemblage indicate relatively weak chemical weathering degree in these river basins; (iii) very high contents of Fe₂O₃, MgO, TiO₂, Sc, V, Cr, Co, and Ni at Panzhihua mainly result from the huge-sized V–Ti magnetite deposits occurred in layered gabbroic intrusion; and (iv) the chemical alteration index (CIA) in the HTJR ranges from 46.5 to 69.2 and with an average value of 60.5 which indicates relatively weak weathering degree.     

青海省煤炭资源概况及潜力分析

青海省煤炭资源相对比较贫乏,且分布不均衡,总体勘查程度较低。煤炭资源潜力评价结果显示,青海煤炭预测资源量为344.46亿t,总量占全国比值相对较少,已查明资源储量为45.84亿t,查明率是13.26%,查明程度很低。根据对资源量赋存深度、成煤时代、煤质类型及地域分布的分析,认为全省煤炭煤种优势明显,产地相对集中,找矿潜力很大。根据青海省经济发展规划,以煤炭资源开发利用为基础的煤化工产业将成为青海省又一重要经济支柱,因此应加大地质勘查投入,着力提高全省的煤炭地质勘查程度,为青海省经济可持续发展提供资源保障。     

晋城矿区粘土矿物特征及沉积-成岩响应

在X射线衍射和扫描电镜观测的基础上,结合区域沉积演化分析,探讨了晋城矿区粘土类型、组合特征、微观结构与沉积-成岩作用的关系。结果表明,晋城矿区粘土矿物以高岭石为主,其次为伊利石和伊利石/蒙脱石混层,还有少量的绿泥石和蒙脱石;山西组粘土矿物颗粒排列定向性优于太原组,多呈带状或平叠状产出,而太原组多为蜂巢状、花朵状或凝絮状;由于太原期频繁的海侵海退致使煤层顶底板处于pH值较高的碱性环境,使成岩过程中高岭石向伊利石转化,造成太原组粘土矿物的伊利石含量明显高于山西组,而高岭石含量相对较低。     

Molecular weight and chemical reactivity of dissolved trace metals (Cd,Cu, Ni) in surface waters from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico

It is generally assumed that estuarine mixing is continuous for metals from terrestrial sources, gradually decreasing towards the open ocean endmember. Here we show that, chemical reactivity, determined by ion exchange method, and molecular weight distributions, obtained using cross-flow ultrafiltration, of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni in the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico varied systematically across the estuarine mixing zone of the Mississippi River. Most size or chemical affinity fractions of dissolved metals (<0.4 μm) were linearly related to salinity (10.8–36.6), suggesting that the distribution of these elements was mainly controlled by continuous mixing processes. Dissolved concentrations across the salinity gradient ranged for Cd: 87–187 pM; Cu: 1.4–18.3 nM; and Ni: 2.6–18.8 nM, with highest values near the Mississippi river mouth, and lowest concentrations in a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico. Dissolved Cd was mostly present as a truly dissolved (<10 kDa, 97 ± 1%) and cationic fraction (Chelex-100 extractable, 94 ± 4%). A novel observation across the estuarine mixing zone was that colloidal metal concentrations were identical to either inert (for Cu, Ni) or AMPG-labile anionic (Cu, Cd) fractions. The difference in behavior between Cu and the other two metals might indicate differences in the biopolymeric nature of the metal–organic chelates. In particular, the anionic-organic Cd fractions accounted for just 3 ± 1%, on average. However, for Cu, it was 24 ± 4%, and for Ni, it was 9 ± 6%. The fractions of the total dissolved metal fractions that were “inert” averaged 31 ± 10% for Cu and 29 ± 12% for Ni. Small but noticeable amounts (6 ± 3%) of dissolved inert Cd fractions were also present. Apparent non-local transport processes, likely associated with cross-shelf sediment resuspension processes, could have been responsible for the relatively high concentrations of ‘inert’ and ‘anionic’ metal fractions in high salinity coastal waters, and accounting for the persistence of metals bound to humic substances in the Gulf of Mexico.     

海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块的设计与实现

研究了OGSA-DAI网格中间件技术,设计了一个基于OGSA-DAI的海量城市空间数据资源汇集模块,实现了城市地理空间信息的共享应用.本模块的创新之处在于扩展了OGSA-DAI的数据资源,实现网格环境下多源异构空间数据的访问与集成,对相关研发工作的开展起到了很好的借鉴作用.     

地理信息网络服务的发展研究

随着体系结构、软件层次和自身需求的变化,GIS逐步发展为地理信息网络服务并得到迅速的推广.从标准化、语义化和3维化的角度总结了当前地理信息服务的发展状态,并指出下一代地理信息网络服务必然是基于以上三者的能够实现主动服务和统一多维服务的新一代地理信息服务.     

江苏沿江地区生态保护与产业分布空间匹配格局分析

根据生态空间保护需求,调整产业空间布局方向,是协调产业开发与生态保护空间关系及进行区域空问调控的重要内容.以江苏沿江地区为例,在提取生态功能保护区和产业分布空间信息的基础上,运用矩阵分类和空间分析方法研究了生态保护与产业分布的空间匹配特点,总结了产业空间布局的调整思路.研究表明:江苏沿江大部分地区生态保护与产业分布空间...     

新疆“百里、三十里风区”铁路沿线设计风速研究

为使通过新疆“百里、三十里风区”的铁路抗风达到既安全又经济的目标,使用风区内气象站和铁路测风站风资料分析了风速风向的分布规律和两种站之间风速相关关系,采用极值Ⅰ型分布推算确定了铁路沿线合理的设计风速.研究表明:十三间房和达坂城是两风区平均风速和最大风速的最大站,年平均风速分别为5.4 m/s和6.1 m/s,10 mi...