翡翠的成因及宝石学意义刍论

从地质学角度出发,对翡翠的成因作了初步研究。以此研究结果为基础,探讨了翡翠的矿床类型,翡翠矿床的找矿方向及翡翠“B”货的科学鉴定。     

造山带环境中的东疆型镁铁—超镁铁杂岩

新疆东部黄山－镜儿泉一带产有大－中型铜镍矿床的镁铁－超镁铁岩体是中石炭统弧后盆地引张环境下的热侵位产物,主要岩石类型有橄榄岩、辉橄岩、橄辉岩、二辉岩、辉长苏长岩、苏长辉长岩、辉长岩、橄长岩、辉长岩和闪长岩等;其超镁铁岩相对富铁．不具变质组构,并具橄榄石＋斜方辉石＋单斜辉石＋角闪石±斜长石矿物组合;岩石化学以富硅、贫碱、贫铝、贫钙为特征,并具拉斑玄武岩系演化趋势。这些岩体是造山带杂岩体的一种新类型,可称为东疆型。     

中南部非洲纳米比亚三级成矿区带划分

纳米比亚矿产资源丰富,是非洲第四大矿产国,现已发现矿产30多种,主要生产金刚石、铀、铜、金、银、铅、锌等,其外汇收入的一半以上来自矿产品。文章在查阅文献资料的基础上,详细研究了该国区域成矿地质背景、矿产资源分布特征,结合成矿理论和成矿规律研究的新成果,对纳米比亚成矿规律进行了研究,提出三级成矿区带划分方案,全区共划分8个Ⅲ级成矿区带,对进一步圈定重要找矿远景区提供了依据。     

矿物及材料表面的SPM微形貌研究

矿物及材料表面形貌研究手段经历了从肉眼和手指到触针技术、光学技术及扫描电镜,最后到扫描探针技术（ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｐｒｏｂｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,简称ＳＰＭ）的发展阶段,使可获取的表面形貌信息量不断丰富,分辨率不断提高,研究从宏观进入微观,从定性进入了...     

三维成矿预测多源地学空间数据库建设——以宁芜盆地钟姑矿田为例

大数据是海量、高增长率和多样化的信息资产,是未来找矿靶区预测的不可或缺的技术。大数据-三维成矿预测研究面临机遇与挑战,其涉及的地学大数据除了数据来源众多、比例尺不同、数据量大、非结构化管理、时效性强、空间数据与非空间数据协同管理等复杂特点外,还必须具有适应进行三维建模及空间分析的数据结构。本文分析了地学空间大数据的特点,对多源地学综合信息的管理需求进行研究,参考国家及行业标准,建立了可满足三维成矿预测需求的多源地学空间数据库模型,并依据实际划分为勘查控制钻孔地质数据库、空间属性数据库和地球物理数据库,各数据库可在多源地学空间索引库的支持下协同工作。本文以大数据应用的典型实例--钟姑矿田作为研究对象,系统收集了矿田内勘查成果资料,建立了钟姑矿田多源地学空间数据库,并在此基础上进行了控矿要素的有效提取,可进一步支持三维成矿预测。研究结果表明,本文提出的多源地学空间数据库可有效管理地学空间大数据,是大数据-三维成矿预测的重要解决方案,是进行三维成矿预测的重要数据支持。     

Investigating a reservoir bank slope displacement history with multi-frequency satellite SAR data

Slope instability arisen along with dam construction is a common problem of great concern in reservoir areas. Thus, displacement monitoring of active slopes is of great importance for the safety of dam operation. The unstable Guobu slope is located only about 1.5 km away from Laxiwa hydropower station in upstream Yellow River. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired by C-band Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar 2 (PALSAR-2), and X-band TerraSAR-X covering different evolution stages of Guobu slope were collected to investigate the displacement history so as to facilitate understanding of its deformation and failure mechanisms. The displacements occurred during the past decade were quantitatively identified for the first time by SAR pixel offset tracking analyses. The results show that before the reservoir impoundment, the maximum accumulative displacements on the slope were more than 7 m from 2003 to 2008, while the post-impoundment displacements also exceeded 7 m in just 1 year from September 2009 to September 2010. Furthermore, this slope is still in active deformation up to now. Nevertheless, the displacement rates seem decreased recently according to the interferometric results of TerraSAR-X data pairs from September 2015 to March 2016.     

Elastic solutions for a transversely isotropic half-space subjected to buried asymmetric-loads

Elastic closed-form solutions for the displacements and stresses in a transversely isotropic half-space subjected to various buried loading types are presented. The loading types include finite line loads and asymmetric loads (such as uniform and linearly varying rectangular loads, or trapezoidal loads). The planes of transverse isotropy are assumed to be parallel to its horizontal surface. These solutions are directly obtained from integrating the point load solutions in a transversely isotropic half-space, which were derived using the principle of superposition, Fourier and Hankel transformation techniques. The solutions for the displacements and stresses in transversely isotropic half-spaces subjected to linearly variable loads on a rectangular region are never mentioned in literature. These exact solutions indicate that the displacements and stresses are influenced by several factors, such as the buried depth, the loading types, and the degree and type of rock anisotropy. Two illustrative examples, a vertical uniform and a vertical linearly varying rectangular load acting on the surface of transversely isotropic rock masses, are presented to show the effect of various parameters on the vertical surface displacement and vertical stress. The results indicate that the displacement and stress distributions accounted for rock anisotropy are quite different for those calculated from isotropic solutions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial characters of nutrients in Wujiangdu Reservoir in karst river,SW China

A preliminary assessment of the Wujiangdu Reservoir examined nutrient distribution and transport. Water samples were collected in the summer (July) of 2004, during the high-flow season. Inorganic nutrients (N, P, Si) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations of the Wujiangdu Reservoir and its inflow rivers were analyzed. Other water parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity) were measured as well. The results show gradually decreasing concentrations of NO₃ ^?-N and dissolved silicate in the surface water moving downstream to the dam of the Wujiangdu Reservoir. Additionally, soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations measured very low, with most falling below the sensitivity threshold of the method used in surface waters. Particulate phosphorus and NO₃ ^?-N were the predominant species of phosphorus and nitrogen in the reservoir, respectively. The concentration of nutrients in the Yeji River was the largest of all inflow rivers. The maximum concentration of chl a was found near the dam. These results reflect upstream conditions similar to that of a river, and reservoir conditions near the dam similar to that of a natural lake system.     

荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区起沙风对风蚀积沙量的影响

以黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区的风蚀积沙观测资料为基础,结合中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）临泽内陆河流域研究站的风况资料,应用地统计学方法对2012-2013年风蚀季（3-8月）的风蚀积沙过程进行分类,并分析起沙风对风蚀积沙量的影响。结果表明：（1）2012-2013年风蚀季风蚀积沙量的空间变异过程分为随机性变异过程（2012年4-7月）和结构性变异过程（2012年8月及2013年3-7月）。（2）在随机性变异过程中,风蚀积沙量与起沙风的风速,风向,风频率依次相关;在结构性变异过程中,风蚀积沙量与起沙风的风向,风速,风频率依次相关。③输沙势（DP）与风蚀积沙量的相关性大小为随机性变异过程>结构性变异过程;在随机性变异过程中,合成输沙势（RDP）与风蚀积沙量无明显相关关系（R²=0.0745）;而在结构性变异过程中,合成输沙势（RDP）与风蚀积沙量的相关系数较高（R²=0.9343）。④在随机性变异过程中,各月风蚀积沙量呈不规则的片状分布;在结构性变异过程中,各月积沙量呈明显的带状分布。