一种新型的遥感影像压缩质量评价指标

针对遥感影像的特性,提出了一个用于压缩质量评价的多维结构模型,该结构模型由影像特征畸变、纹理畸变和相关性损失三个"维"组成,在此基础上提出一种新的构像质量综合性评价指标。实验证明,该指标与传统的PSNR指标相比,与主观评价结果具有较好的吻合性。     

Late Cambrian to Early Silurian Granitic Rocks of the Gemuri Area, Central Qiangtang, North Tibet: New Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Margin of Gondwana

The Paleozoic tectonic framework and paleo–plate configuration of the northern margin of Gondwana remain controversial. The South Qiangtang terrane is located along the northern margin of Gondwana and records key processes in the formation and evolution of this supercontinent. Here, we present new field, petrological, zircon U-Pb geochronological, and Lu-Hf isotopic data for granitic rocks of the Gemuri pluton, all of which provide new insights into the evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana. Zircon U-Pb dating of the Gemuri pluton yielded three concordant ages of 488.5 ± 2.1, 479.9 ± 8.9, and 438.5 ± 3.5 Ma. Combining these ages with the results of previous research indicates that the South Qiangtang terrane records two magmatic episodes at 502–471 and 453–439 Ma. These two episodes are associated with enriched zircon Hf isotopic compositions(εHf(t) =-10.1 to-3.9 and-16.6 to-6.5, respectively), suggesting the granites were formed by the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks(Two–stage Hf model ages(TCDM) = 2094–1704 and 2466–1827 Ma, respectively). Combining these data with the presence of linearly distributed, contemporaneous Paleozoic igneous rocks along the northern margin of Gondwana, we suggest that all of these rocks were formed in an active continental margin setting. This manifests that the two magmatic episodes within the Gemuri area were associated with southward subduction in the Proto-(Paleo-) Tethys Ocean.     

Metallogenic focus-area and superlarge mineral deposits in the bordering zones between China,Russia and Mongolia

Two deep-sea cores in the northwest Pacific have been analysed for sedimentology, mineralogy and environmental magnetism. The results show that after eliminating the interference from volcanism, several proxies such as quartz content, mass susceptibility and anhysteretic magnetic remanence can be used to indicate the eolian deposit from East Asia, and provide information on paleo-atmospheric circulation. A comparison of eolian record in Cure RC10-175 with its oxygen isotopic curve has revealed that the peaks of eolian accumulation occurred at the climatic “optimum” of the Holocene and the last interglaciation, showing the fairly complex nonlinear relationship between continental/pelagic eolian records and the global glacial cycles as well as within the climatic and environmental system. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9291104)     

“地气图”方法用于省级旱涝预测的实践

简要介绍用“地气图”方法进行降水预测的基本思路,总结此方法的预报实践,指出省级尺度旱涝预测需要解决的几个关键问题,强调除加密观测外,上游地热涡增强的能量频散作用是下游地热涡发展的重要原因     

青藏高原东北缘断层活动变形的模拟研究

分析和讨论了位错理论模型的发展历史和应用领域，采用走滑和倾滑位错理论模型对青藏高原东北缘的多组断层活动产生的三维形变场进行了数值模拟研究，并将数值模拟结果与该地区1999～2001年间的GPS观测结果进行了对比分析。得出了甘青块体顺时针转动等一些较重要的结论和认识。     

空间钟与基础物理测试

原子钟当前已经发展到很高的水平,它们在空间科学试验中发挥了重要的作用．该文介绍了世界上正在开展的高精度空间钟计划及其对科学测量的意义．对应用空间钟可能进行的某些感兴趣的基础物理测试也进行了描述。     

海洋重力测量动态环境效应分析与补偿

针对使用小型测量船搭载摆杆型海洋重力仪获取数据质量不高的问题,在深入分析海洋环境动态效应误差特性基础上,提出了一种基于互相关分析的交叉耦合效应修正法,对高动态海洋重力测量数据实施综合误差补偿和精细处理。使用典型恶劣海况条件下的观测数据对该方法的有效性进行了验证,结果显示,重力测线成果内符合精度从原先的±9.35×10-5m/s2大幅提升到±1.43×10-5m/s2,同时使用卫星测高反演重力对精细处理结果的可靠性进行了外部检核,外符合精度也从原先的±7.73×10-5m/s2提高到±5.63×10-5m/s2。     

顾及几何特征和拓扑连续性的道路网匹配方法

已有的道路网匹配方法需要一定的人为干预和控制,仍无法实现匹配自动化,而且对于具有一定尺度差异的数据而言,受不相关道路对象的影响,匹配结果中会存在较多的误匹配。为此,本文提出一种顾及几何特征和拓扑连续性的由粗匹配到精匹配的分层匹配策略。粗匹配阶段,利用短边中位数Hausdorff距离计算匹配对象的相似度,再以道路网弧段端点的近邻分析结果作为匹配阈值,判断匹配对象是否为同名实体;精匹配阶段,将粗匹配阶段评价结果中离散的同名实体构建为完整的道路Stroke,即以追踪的方式剔除误匹配和添加漏匹配。利用宿城区不同尺度的道路网对所提算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法具有较好的匹配效果,能够实现匹配自动化。     

利用无人机倾斜摄影测量进行三维地籍测量

针对传统地籍测量方法受天气影响大、效率低下等问题,探讨利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术进行地籍测量的方法.该方法首先通过无人机获取倾斜影像,然后运用建模软件构建实景三维模型,最后利用三维测图软件在三维模型上进行数据采集.在提高模型精度方面,描述了三种不同的影像空三加密方法.以安徽省阜阳市某村为例,验证了该方法在地籍测量中的可行性,及再空三法能够提高模型的精度与稳定性.     

融合遥感调查和坡度等级的荒山地提取方法

针对荒山地有效识别和图斑提取长期缺乏统一的技术标准和方法,荒山地适宜性治理评价急需位置、面积、地表覆被、土地利用现状以及坡度等级等基础信息支撑的问题,该文提出一种利用多源遥感调查监测数据和坡度等级数据的荒山地图斑提取方法.经历城区的实地应用表明:该方法提取的草地、裸岩石地符合率均为100％,乔木林和灌木林的符合度分别为93％和91％,准确提取了符合荒山地特征的地类图斑,满足实际工程应用要求,解决了荒山地地类状况长期不明确的问题,实现了荒山地大规模的有效识别和提取,形成了融合多源遥感监测和坡度等级的荒山地提取方法,提高了荒山地的识别和提取的质量.