Climate change in the 21st century simulated by HadGEM2-AO under representative concentration pathways

We present climate responses of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the coupled climate model HadGEM2-AO for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The RCPs are selected as standard scenarios for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report and these scenarios include time paths for emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gas and aerosols and land-use/land cover. The global average warming and precipitation increases for the last 20 years of the 21st century relative to the period 1986-2005 are +1.1°C/+2.1% for RCP2.6, +2.4°C/+4.0% for RCP4.5, +2.5°C/+3.3% for RCP6.0 and +4.1°C/+4.6% for RCP8.5, respectively. The climate response on RCP 2.6 scenario meets the UN Copenhagen Accord to limit global warming within two degrees at the end of 21st century, the mitigation effect is about 3°C between RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The projected precipitation changes over the 21st century are expected to increase in tropical regions and at high latitudes, and decrease in subtropical regions associated with projected poleward expansions of the Hadley cell. Total soil moisture change is projected to decrease in northern hemisphere high latitudes and increase in central Africa and Asia whereas near-surface soil moisture tends to decrease in most areas according to the warming and evaporation increase. The trend and magnitude of future climate extremes are also projected to increase in proportion to radiative forcing of RCPs. For RCP 8.5, at the end of the summer season the Arctic is projected to be free of sea ice.     

白光连续谱与模型大气

本文依据白光耀斑连续发射谱的一般观测事实,通过对一系列模型大气的非局部热动平衡计算,从半经验角度探讨了白光连续发射与模型大气的关系。结果表明:光球深层的温度增加或者过渡区存在平台结构均可解释观测到的白光辐射增强。对如何从理论上来解释这些大气结构本文也提出了一些看法。     

Selection of environmental conditions for nearshore structure design

1　Introduction　InChina ,coastalcitiesaremostlyregionaleconomicdevelopmentcenters.Becauseoftheirspecialgeogra phiclocations ,typhoonsandassociatedstormsurgescauseheavylossesoflivesandproperties.In 1 992 Qing daowasfloodedduetothecoincidenceoftheastrono m…     

Methods for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow

In order to thoroughly investigate the diversity of glacier microorganisms, four DNA extraction methods with different lysis patterns were tested and two screened methods (the Bosshard-Bano method and the Zhou method) were optimized for the most effective form of the filter membrane (cut vs. uncut), the DNA extraction method, and the precipitation method. The two optimized methods were then compared with the commercial Mo-Bio DNA extraction kit, and the results showed that the kit was generally suitable for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow. Procedurally, it was found that a modified Bosshard- Bano method (i.e., cutting the filter membrane into pieces, using a specific lysis pattern [lysozyme (5 mg/mL)-protease K (1 mg/mL)-CTAB (1%)-SDS (1%)], performing the extraction only once by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and conducting DNA precipitation by pure ethanol) was also an effective and less expensive method for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow.     

大型射电望远镜背架精密安装技术

对65 m射电望远镜的背架安装做了尝试,取得较满意的结果.针对天线背架尺寸大、质量重、焊接变形大、几何精度要求高等特性,采用全站仪工业测量系统实现背架的快速、无接触、高精度定位测量,点位测量精度优于1 mm;采用独特的施工工艺和焊接技术,最大限度控制焊接变形,最终点位偏差优于1.5 cm.提出基于设计坐标系建立安装测量...     

2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多成因分析

2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多,通过分析气候背景,环流形势特征,并将其与历史多雨年和少雨年做对比分析得出:2005年6月桂南沿海降水偏多是在多雨的大气候变化周期中发生的;西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、西伸脊点位置偏西、脊线位置偏南是2005年6月桂南沿海降水异常偏多的主要原因.     

提高暗筒式日照纸感光质量的技巧

暗筒式日照计日照纸所用药品品质好坏、配药比例和涂药方法是否得当,是造成日照纸感光质量好坏的主要原因。本文针对部分测报员在日照纸配药、涂药和浸漂操作处理过程中存在的问题提出相关改进措施和建议。     

Magnetic connection and current distribution in black hole accretion discs

We discuss one of the possible origins of large-scale magnetic fields based on a continuous distribution of toroidal electric current flowing in the inner region of the disc around a Kerr black hole (BH) in the framework of general relativity. It turns out that four types of configuration of the magnetic connection (MC) are generated, i.e. MC of the BH with the remote astrophysical load (MCHL), MC of the BH with the disc (MCHD), MC of the plunging region with the disc (MCPD) and MC of the inner and outer disc regions (MCDD). It turns out that the Blandford–Znajek process can be regarded as one type of MC, i.e. MCHL. In addition, we propose a scenario for fitting the quasi-periodic oscillations in BH binaries based on MCDD associated with the magnetic reconnection.     

2021年5月21日云南漾濞MS6.4地震序列地震矩张量及发震构造

2021年5月21日云南大理州漾濞县发生了MS6.4 地震.我们利用区域地震台网记录的地震波形资料,首先采用多点源地震矩张量反演方法确定了漾濞地震序列中 3 次MS≥5.0地震的矩心矩张量解,分析研究了地震矩释放的最佳模型;然后对序列中较大地震进行了绝对定位,结合余震序列重新定位结果研究了地震矩心在断层面上的位置.结果显示MS5.6 前震可用2 点源模型模拟,矩震级分别为MW 5.3、MW5.1,矩心时间相隔约30 s,矩心位置相距约 2 km.MS 6.4 主震可用单点源模型模拟,矩心与起始破裂点平面距离约 5 km.前震和主震的矩心均位于地表以下 6 km处,矩心与起始破裂点的位置关系显示两地震向南东方向单侧破裂,断层以"前震-主震"型地震序列典型的"撤退式"方式破裂,MS5.6 前震的发生降低了断层面的抗剪强度,从而发生了更大的MS6.4 主震.MS5.2余震可用单点源模型模拟,起始破裂点与矩心空间位置相近,在地表以下约 10 km处.余震区构造应力场反演结果显示漾濞 6.4级地震序列属于区域应力场触发的地震活动,地震序列震源机制解符合走滑断裂伴生的负花状构造系统内部断裂的运动特征,余震的空间分布图像显示花状构造系统内部的两条断裂发生了地震活动.     

东北地区农业结构转型时期土地利用变化的成因与效应

During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime.