Occurrence and characteristics of sporadic sodium layer observed by lidar at a mid-latitude location

Na lidar observations of SSL during the past 5 years at a mid-latitude location (Wuhan, China, 31°N, 114°E) are reported in this paper. From 26 SSL events detected in about 230 h of observation, an SSL occurrence rate of 1 event/9 h at our location was obtained. This result, combined with that reported by Nagasawa and Abo (Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 263) at Tokyo, Japan, reveals that the SSL occurrence can be relatively frequent at some mid-latitude locations. The statistical analyses of main parameters for the 26 SSL events were made, and the results were compared with those previously reported. By examining the corresponding data from a nearby ionosonde, it was found that there was a fairly good correlation between SSL and Es. Of the 18 pairs of SSL and Es events checked, 15 of SSL were accompanied by Es, and 8 pairs of them were correlated within 1 h in time and within 5 km in altitude. From the analyses of observed perturbations during SSL development, the role of dynamic processes of atmosphere in the SSL formations were emphasized.     

沙澧河流域两场大暴雨过程的对比分析

利用常规观测资料、自动站资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2007年7月5日和14日沙澧河流域两场大暴雨过程进行了诊断对比分析.结果表明:不同影响系统下产生的大暴雨过程其动力机制有所差异.垂直螺旋度计算结果显示:两次过程700hPa等压面上正垂直螺旋度中心的移向和强度变化与降水落区及趋势变化有很好的对应关系,暴雨区出现在正垂直螺旋度中心移动的前方,对流域大暴雨的落区有一定的指示意义.5日呈现中低层正、高层负的垂直螺旋度配置,动力条件更有利于大暴雨的发生.湿位涡演变分析发现,5日中低层既存在对流不稳定,又存在对称不稳定,有利于垂直对流和倾斜对流发生,造成流域大暴雨.14日中低层大气处于对流稳定状态,但边界层和中层存在对流不稳定,同时中层还存在较强的对称不稳定,垂直涡度得到较大增长,导致上升运动的加强和水汽的垂直输送,有利于降水增幅.     

上山遗址区沉积过程与人类活动的关系

上山遗址是上山文化(11～8.5 ka)的代表性遗址,位于钱塘江上游浦阳江北岸的二级阶地上,是迄今长江下游地区发现的最早的新石器时代遗址,也是研究稻作农业起源的重要遗址.近年来,国内外学者对上山遗址进行了大量的研究,主要集中于遗址的文化面貌、出土遗存等方面,对全新世早期人地关系演化、上山文化产生的环境背景研究相对薄弱....     

IGCP448：岩溶生态系统全球对比研究进展

综述了IGCP 448项目"全球岩溶地质及有关生态系统对比"(2000-2004)执行四年来所取得的学术成果.其中比较重要的新认识有:(1)岩溶地区的植被,常常是涵养水分,增加含水层的贮水能力,改善水文生态环境的重要因素,但在澳大利亚南部岩溶区广泛分布的桉树,则以其强烈的蒸发作用,而被用于降低地下水位,防治土壤盐碱化;(2)在北方(Boreal) 或温带湿润气候生态区,地下岩溶系统则被用于排除沼泽地区过多积水,偏碱性的碳酸盐岩也有利于中和酸性环境,凡是岩溶发育的地方,都成了主要农业基地;(3)通过洞穴探险发现一类完全不同于靠光合作用产生有机质的生物群--化学自养微生物(甲烷菌);(4)中国西南典型岩溶区的研究表明,表层土壤微生物可以加速碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,并揭示了植物根系与土壤微生物是产生碳酸酐酶(CA)的两个重要供给源.     

基于ACCRBF网络的多层砖房震害预测

针对传统震害预测方法逐栋抽样计算建筑物抗震性能的不足,本文提出了一种基于蚁群聚类径向基(ACCRBF)网络模型的建筑物震害预测方法。依据不同地震动峰值加速度下多层砖房的实际震害资料,对模型进行训练,在模型的输入和输出之间建立映射关系,并利用这种映射关系对未知样本进行分类,实现对多层砖房的震害分析和预测。模型的输入为反映结构的震害影响因子,输出为给定的地震动峰值加速度下结构震害等级。研究表明,基于ACCRBF网络模型的多层砖房震害预测结果与震害实例基本吻合,具有推广应用价值。     

轴压下两体力学模型的转化条件及影响因素分析

接触界面的相互作用是影响工程稳定的重要因素,基于接触面两侧介质的实际受力状态,采用一体两介质力学模型与两体两介质力学模型加以描述。通过一体和两体模型试件的轴压破坏试验,分析了两种模型的力学响应的差异,并认为：一体两介质力学模型在符合一定条件情况下可以转变为两体两介质力学模型。此外,还对影响两种力学模型性能的参数进行了分析。提出对一体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的参量是低强度介质与高强度介质的静载极限强度比k以及两种介质之间的黏结力c;对两体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的主要参量除了k之外,尚有两种介质的断裂韧度比? 、体积比? 以及界面的粗糙程度     

信息高速公路与地理信息系统——试论地理学的信息革命

综合介绍了信息高速公路及国家空间信息基础设施的基本情况、地理科学的信息化和地理信息系统的发展趋势和特点，并说明了信息高速公路对地理科学信息化及地球科学研究及应用的影响。     

综合气象观测系统业务运行综合评估技术研究

综合气象观测网运行监控系统是我国气象探测设备运行保障的实时业务系统.文章以装备技术保障工程理论为基础,按可靠性、维修性、保障性、业务性、经济性等多个范畴,从装备运行状态、装备性能参数、探测数据质量、通信传输、供应保障、维护维修等方面,提出了针对我国综合气象观测网中各类设备的运行、维护和保障等工作进行综合评估的技术方法,...     

Lateral extrusion along the Altyn Tagh Fault,Qilian Shan (NE Tibet): insight from a 3D crustal budget

The lithospheric strike‐slip Altyn Tagh Fault has accommodated hundreds of kilometres of displacement between the Qaidam and Tarim blocks since its Eocene reactivation. However, the way the deformation is accommodated in the Qilian Shan and further east remains uncertain. Based on 360 km of north‐eastward migration of the relatively rigid Qaidam block along the Altyn Tagh Fault and 3D isovolumetric balancing of the crustal deformation within the Altyn Tagh Fault–Qilian Shan system, we demonstrate that 250 ± 28 km (43.8–49.4%) of N20E directed crustal shortening and an additional ~250–370 km of eastward motion of the Qilian Shan crust must be accounted for by strike‐slip faulting in the Qilian Shan and crustal thickening in the Qinling area, as well as by extension in the adjoining North China block graben systems.     

Non-Linear Theory and Power-Law Models for Information Integration and Mineral Resources Quantitative Assessments

Singular physical or chemical processes may result in anomalous amounts of energy release or mass accumulation that, generally, are confined to narrow intervals in space or time. Singularity is a property of different types of non-linear natural processes including cloud formation, rainfall, hurricanes, flooding, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and mineralization. The end products of these non-linear processes can be modeled as fractals or multifractals. Hydrothermal processes in the Earth’s crust can result in ore deposits characterized by high concentrations of metals with fractal or multifractal properties. Here we show that the non-linear properties of the end products of singular mineralization processes can be applied for prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits and for quantitative mineral resource assessment, whether for mineral exploration or for regional, national and global planning for mineral resource utilization. In addition to the general theory and framework for the non-linear mineral resources assessment, this paper focuses on several power-law models proposed for characterizing non-linear properties of mineralization and for geoinformation extraction and integration. The theories, methods, and computer system discussed in this paper were validated using a case study dealing with hydrothermal Au mineral potential in southern Nova Scotia, Canada.