区域土地利用影响地表CO2浓度异质性特征的动力学机制

本文综合应用高斯方程和拉姆齐模型,针对京津冀地区2000年以来10 km×10 km栅格尺度的地表CO₂浓度开展研究,分析了区域土地利用影响地表CO₂浓度异质性特征的动力学机制。研究发现：① 地表CO₂浓度与土地利用类型密切相关。2000—2018年京津冀地区CO₂浓度的高值区主要集中于经济较发达的快速城镇化地区;② 土地利用强度及土地利用效率上的时空分异为地表CO₂扩散提供了潜在的势能。京津冀地区地表CO₂排放及扩散存在明显的空间异质性,距离CO₂排放高值区越近,其相应的CO₂浓度越高并随时间推移及空间拓展呈逐步减小的态势;③ 京津冀地区在土地利用结构调整、格局优化及效率提升后,CO₂排放强度增幅明显减弱,其区域间的增幅差异也逐渐缩小。产业转型发展、土地利用格局优化、土地利用效率提高有效地抑制了京津冀地区地表CO₂排放强度的提升并促进了该区域的内涵式增长与高质量发展。     

On the exact solutions and invariant rays of the phase plane in Brans-Dicke theory

On the basis of the model properties of the expansive nondecelerative universe, present temperature of cosmic microwave background and specific entropy in the era of matter, the present parameters of our Universe may be exactly determined.     

基于Web服务的省级林业电子政务信息共享平台的研究

随着信息化建设的深入发展,计算机及网络应用范围不断拓展,应用系统的规模不断扩大,所面临的一个共同问题是如何在原有的建设基础上,进行信息资源的整合,实现信息资源共享。本文以福建省数字林业政务信息共享平台构建为例,在尽可能利用和保护原有投资存量的前提下,针对分布式异构环境中的林业数据和业务应用系统的信息共享要求,提出了基于.NET平台,运用先进的XML&Web Services/MS BizTalk Server2004核心技术的信息交换和共享的整体解决方案及其实现方法。     

Statistical downscaling of reference evapotranspiration in Haihe River Basin: applicability assessment and application to future projection

Future changes in reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) are of increasing importance in assessing the potential impacts on hydrology and water resources systems of more pronounced climate change. This study assesses the applicability of the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in projecting ET₀, and investigates the seasonal and spatial patterns of future ET₀ based on general circulation models (GCMs) across the Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that SDSM can downscale ET₀ well in term of different basin-averaged measures for the HadCM3 and CGCM3 GCMs. HadCM3 has a much superior capability in capturing inter-annual variability compared to CGCM3 and thus is chosen as the sole model to assess the changes in future ET₀. There are three homogeneous sub-regions of the Haihe River Basin: Northwest, Northeast and Southeast. Change points are detected at around 2050 and 2080 under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The Northwest is revealed to have a slight to strong increase in ET₀, while the Northeast and the Southeast tend to experience a pattern change from decrease to increase in ET₀.

EDITOR M.C. Acreman

ASSOCIATE EDITOR J. Thompson     

储层原始含油饱和度计算方法研究

储层原始含油饱和度是评价储层的重要指标 ,它的计算方法有 :岩心直接测定方法、间接确定法和毛管压力曲线计算方法。简要地讨论了这几种方法 ,重点探讨了利用毛管压力曲线计算储层原始含油饱和度的方法 ,针对该方法目前使用中存在的问题进行了改进 ,并在该方法的理论基础上 ,结合新疆塔里木盆地北部的实例 ,提出一种便于利用毛管压力曲线计算储层原始含油饱和度的适用方法     

Nitrous oxide emissions from different land use patterns in a typical karst region, Southwest China

Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) from different land use patterns (matured forest, secondary forest, grassland and cropland) in a subtropical karst region of Guizhou Province, Southwest China, were measured for one year with a closed static chamber technique and by gas chromatography. The results showed that soil under different land uses was a source of atmospheric N2O. The cropland was a source with relatively high N2O as compared to forest and grassland, but no significant differences were observed. N2O emissions from soils varied with land use change and fertilizer application. There were two peaks of N2O flux occurred following the combination of two obvious precipitation and fertilizer events in the cultivated land. Converting from the matured forest to secondary forest tended to increase annual emissions of N2O (from 1.40 to 1.65 kg N ha -1 a -1 ), while changing land use from secondary forest to scattered grassland tended to decrease annual emissions of N2O slightly (from 1.65 to 1.45 kg N ha -1 a -1 ). Our range of cumulative annual N2O emission across different land uses (1.40-1.91 kg N ha -1 a -1 ) in a karst region is in general agreement with previously published data in a non-karst region. However, in the maize field, N2O emission factor (EF) was 0.34% for fertilizer application, which is about 71.2% lower than the IPCC default value. It is suggested that current IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) EF methodology could overestimate N2O emission from the karstic cropland. Anyway, the N2O emission from cropland in the karst region would contribute significantly to the global N2O budget, so reducing fertilization frequency during the crop growing season could lead to a decrease in N2O emission in the whole year.     

Soil property variation mapping through data mining of soil category maps

Spatial information on soil properties is an important input to hydrological models. In current hydrological modelling practices, soil property information is often derived from soil category maps by the linking method in which a representative soil property value is linked to each soil polygon. Limited by the area‐class nature of soil category maps, the derived soil property variation is discontinuous and less detailed than high resolution digital terrain or remote sensing data. This research proposed dmSoil, a data‐mining‐based approach to derive continuous and spatially detailed soil property information from soil category maps. First, the soil–environment relationships are extracted through data mining of a soil map. The similarity of the soil at each location to different soil types in the soil map is then estimated using the mined relationships. Prediction of soil property values at each location is made by combining the similarities of the soil at that location to different soil types and the representative soil property values of these soil types. The new approach was applied in the Raffelson Watershed and Pleasant Valley in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, United States to map soil A horizon texture (in both areas) and depth to soil C horizon (in Pleasant Valley). The property maps from the dmSoil approach capture the spatial gradation and details of soil properties better than those from the linking method. The new approach also shows consistent accuracy improvement at validation points. In addition to the improved performances, the inputs for the dmSoil approach are easy to prepare, and the approach itself is simple to deploy. It provides an effective way to derive better soil property information from soil category maps for hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

卫星遥感人工增雨作业条件 I: 对流云

利用卫星反演技术和云微物理分析方法,针对云微物理结构和降水形成过程探讨可播性、播撒方式,通过对不同类型对流云分析,归纳出4类可播云系,分析表明:1)重污染深厚对流云,当云底粒子有效半径小于7 μm、凝结增长带深厚、降水启动厚度大于20℃、碰并增长带薄、无雨胚带、晶化温度低于-30℃时,可播撒吸湿性核或播撒AgI.2)强上升冰雹云,若云外型强对流特征明显、各增长带增长缓慢、无雨胚带、晶化温度低于-30℃,且云顶附近存在明显的有效半径减小带,可播撒吸湿性核或播撒AgI.3)强上升强降水对流云,云底滴较大,通常大于10 μm,碰并增长较为充分,晶化温度低,一般低于-30℃,冰晶化延迟明显,冷云降水发展不充分,通过在0℃层附近播撒AgI促进冷云降水.4)污染性浅薄对流云,当云底有效半径小于10 μm、凝结增长带深厚、碰并增长带薄、无雨胚带、云顶有效半径小于14 μm、云厚3～6km,可播撒吸湿性核.     

贵州六枝平桥萤石矿床与晴隆大厂锑矿床含矿层特征的对比研究

本文以贵州六枝特区平桥萤石(锂)矿重点矿产资源大精查项目为基础,结合邻区大厂锑矿的硅化蚀变体特征进行对比研究,对成矿规律进行了探讨和总结.二者在地理空间、大地构造位置、成矿区带均为邻近关系.均位于褶皱隆起区内,且受层间构造控制影响.据重力解释成果推测二者深部均有中酸性岩浆岩隐伏.其硅化蚀变岩均位于碳酸盐岩/粘土岩界面之...     

皖南和赣东北蛇绿岩成因及其构造意义：元素和Sm－Nd同位素制约

本文对扬子块体南缘构造侵位于板溪群（及相应地层）的皖南和赣东北晚元古代蛇绿岩进行了系统的元素和Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素地球化学研究，结果表明两套蛇绿岩具有类似的元素地球化学特征，即二者的火山岩元素地球化学特征均类似于形成于弧后盆地构造环境的拉斑玄武岩。但是，两套蛇绿岩的Ｎｄ同位素组成明显不同。赣东北蛇绿岩具有相当均一的高εＮｄ（Ｔ）值（＋５．５±１．２），表明来源于一较亏损的上地幔源区，并且没有受到明显的较成熟地壳物质的混染。相反，皖南蛇绿岩的εＮｄ（Ｔ）值低，并有较大的变化范围（＋４．５──１．０），并和Ｓｍ／Ｎｄ、Ｎｄ、ＭｇＯ、ＳｉＯ２呈明显的二元混合相关关系，表明蛇绿岩是由亏损幔源岩浆（初始εＮｄ（Ｔ）≈＋５．５）在结晶分异过程中与地壳组分（初始εＮｄ（Ｔ）≈－１）混合形成的。皖南和赣东北蛇绿岩的Ｎｄ同位素和元素地球化学特征以及该地区的同时代花岗岩和火山岩的时空分布特征，可以用华南和扬子元古宙陆－弧－陆碰撞模式来解释。大约在１．０Ｇａ前，扬子和华南块体之间存在一多岛弧洋盆。大陆边缘岛弧和大洋岛弧在扬子块体南缘发育演化。皖南和赣东北蛇绿岩就是在大陆边缘盆地和弧间盆地演化过程中形成的洋壳构造侵位的碎片。该地区Ｉ型