芦山M7．0地震余震分布特征

使用双差定位方法,对2013年4月20日08时02分芦山 M 7．0地震后近10天的余震进行重新定位,获得精度较高的重定位结果;在此基础上,对余震空间分布特征进行研究,推测芦山主震的发震断层可能为大川-双石主断裂东侧的一条次级隐伏逆冲断层。     

基于InSAR和GPS观测数据的尼泊尔地震发震断层特征参数联合反演研究

利用日本ALOS-2和欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星获得的尼泊尔地震同震形变场,结合GPS同震位移数据,联合反演了断层滑动分布特征和空间展布.结果表明:尼泊尔地震的同震形变场主要集中在150km×100km的范围内,且分为南北两个相邻的形变中心,南形变中心的视线向抬升量约为1.2m,北形变中心的视线向沉降量约为0.8m,均位于发震断层上盘.位于形变抬升区的KKN4和NAST两个GPS站,抬升量和南向运动量均达到了m级,而远离震区的其他GPS台水平和垂直观测量均在1cm以内.联合反演得到的断层位错分布主要集中在沿走向150km,沿倾向70km的范围内,最大滑动量为5.59m,平均滑动量为0.94m.断层面倾角在浅部约为7°,随着深度增加,倾角逐渐变大,到垂直深度20km时倾角接近12°;5月12日MW7.2级余震位于主震破裂区的"凹"型滑动缺损区域;主震破裂区的上边界与MBT空间位置十分吻合,主震破裂区主要集中的MBT以北50~60km处,垂直深度为8~9km,倾角为9°,继续向北时主震破裂面以10°~12°的倾角向深延伸,在18~20km可能与MHT交汇.因此,初步判定MBT为此次地震的发震断层.     

Landsat系列影像支持下的凤阳县石英砂矿区土地利用动态监测

利用1991—2015年间Landsat系列遥感影像,基于SVM方法获取凤阳县石英砂矿区土地利用信息,并通过GIS空间分析功能研究矿区土地利用类型的时空变化特征和规律。结果表明:(1)SVM方法对Landsat系列影像分类具有较高精度,且提取效率快,省时省力。(2)25年来,凤阳县石英砂矿区土地利用方式和空间格局发生了显著变化。工矿用地面积增加速度最快,主要由草地和林地转化而来;建筑用地面积持续增加,为侵占耕地、草地和水域所得;水域总面积变化量不大,呈现先减后增的趋势;草地面积急剧减少,净减量最大,主要转化为林地、耕地和工矿用地;耕地和林地面积先增后减,但林地净增加,而耕地被废弃、闲置或被建筑用地扩张占用,流失的耕地多分布在乡镇(村庄)、河流周边。(3)工矿用地和建筑用地面积变化呈正相关增加,对植被和水域的侵占逐年增加,矿区土地系统的质量朝着变差的方向发展。     

一次江淮大暴雨过程中尺度系统结构分析

本文应用观测资料和中尺度数值模拟结果对1999年6月23日发生在江淮地区一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行研究，揭示了影响这次暴雨过程的物理条件、云团的演变特征及与中尺度系统的关系，分析表明，在暴雨生成和发展过程中，多个中尺度云团在相继生成和移动发展，暴雨中心是几个发展较强的中尺度对流云团造成的，西南风低空急流为暴雨提供了水汽输送，并且通过强垂直运动向对流层中上层输送水汽，这次暴雨与中尺度系统发生发展有直接关系，西南涡分裂出一系列的小涡旋，这些小涡旋边向东移边减弱，并且同时在地面上引发小低压，这些中尺度低压增强低空水平辐合，成为触发不稳定能量的机制，低空急流中心与雨区相互对应，且急流风速增强，风速水平切变梯度增大的过程对应着强降水过程。     

An assessment of Arctic cloud water paths in atmospheric reanalyses

The role of Arctic clouds in the recent rapid Arctic warming has attracted much attention. However, Arctic cloud water paths(CWPs) from reanalysis datasets have not been well evaluated. This study evaluated the CWPs as well as LWPs(cloud liquid water paths) and IWPs(cloud ice water paths) from five reanalysis datasets(MERRA-2,MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ERA5) against the COSP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package) output for MODIS from the MERRA-2 CSP(COSP satellite simulator) collection(defined as M2 Modis in short). Averaged over 1980–2015 and over the Arctic region(north of 60°N), the mean CWPs of these five datasets range from 49.5 g/m~2(MERRA) to 82.7 g/m~2(ERA-Interim), much smaller than that from M2 Modis(140.0 g/m~2). However, the spatial distributions of CWPs, show similar patterns among these reanalyses, with relatively small values over Greenland and large values over the North Atlantic. Consistent with M2 Modis, these reanalyses show larger LWPs than IWPs, except for ERA-Interim. However, MERRA-2 and MERRA underestimate the ratio of IWPs to CWPs over the entire Arctic, while ERA-Interim and JRA-55 overestimate this ratio. ERA5 shows the best performance in terms of the ratio of IWPs to CWPs. All datasets exhibit larger CWPs and LWPs in summer than in winter. For M2 Modis, IWPs hold seasonal variation similar with LWPs over the land but opposite over the ocean. Following the Arctic warming, the trends in LWPs and IWPs during 1980～2015 show that LWPs increase and IWPs decrease across all datasets, although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis suggests that all datasets have similar interannual variability. The study further found that the inclusion of re-evaporation processes increases the humidity in the atmosphere over the land and that a more realistic liquid/ice phase can be obtained by independently treating the liquid and ice water contents.     

河北东坪金矿区水泉沟岩体的地球化学特征

水泉沟岩体主要由二长岩构成。主要矿物是碱性长石和斜长石,它们的含量高达80%以上。石英不多见,暗色矿物含量少。副矿物主要是磁铁矿、石榴石、榍石和锆石。交代结构发育,蚀变现象普遍。主要化学组分和微量元素含量及δ18O值变化范围大。该二长岩体是由老片麻岩经热液碱交代作用而成。     

Heterogeneous mantle melting and magmatic processes at the East Pacific Rise (2.6–3.1°S): Evidence from mid-ocean ridge basalt geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes

ABSTRACT

We present the major and trace elements and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 2.6–3.1°S. These samples are low-K tholeiites and show significant variation in their major element compositions (e.g. 4.60–8.18 wt% MgO, 8.34–12.12 wt% CaO, 9.78–14.25 wt% Fe₂O₃, and 0.06–0.34 K₂O wt%). Trace element abundances of the 2.6–3.1°S MORB are variably depleted (e.g. (La/Sm), _N = 0.51–0.78, Zr/Y = 2.35–3.42, Th/La = 0.035–0.056, and Ce/Yb = 2.38–3.96) but closely resemble the average N-MORB. In the compatible elements (Ni and Cr) against incompatible element Zr plots, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB show well-defined negative correlations, together with a liquid line of descent (LLD) modelling and petrographic observations, implying a significant role of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene fractionation during magma evolution. When compared to global MORB and peridotites, the 2.6–3.1°S MORB and most of the other axial lavas from the South EPR show similar Zn/Fe, Zn/Mn, and Fe/Mn ratios, attesting to a peridotite-dominated mantle lithology. However, the relationships between incompatible trace element ratios, such as Zr/Rb and Nb/Sm, and the negative correlation between Zr/Nb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr indicate a geochemically heterogeneous mantle source. The mantle beneath the South EPR likely consists of two components, with the enriched component residing as physically distinct domains (e.g. veins or dikes) in the depleted peridotite matrix. In the Sr–Nd–Pb isotope space, the South EPR MORB lie along the mixing lines between the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) and the ‘C’-like Pukapuka endmember. We infer that low-F melts derived from these enriched materials may cause localized mantle heterogeneity (veins or dikes) via an infiltration process. Subsequent melting of the refertilized mantle may impart an isotopically distinct characteristic to South EPR MORB.     

黔西南白层超基性岩墙锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成研究

文章对黔西南白层地区出露的燕山期超基性岩墙进行了单颗粒锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成研究,获得A、B两组不同的锆石年龄.A组锆石呈不规则粒状,具不完整的宽大条带,12颗锆石的 SHRIMP U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(84±1)Ma,代表了超基性岩墙的侵位年龄;锆石Hf原位分析表明,176Hf/177Hf从0.282561到0282719,εHf(84 Ma)平均为-3.61,表明岩浆源区主要以富集地幔为主,并受到部分地壳物质的混染.B组锆石晶形完整,具典型的中酸性岩浆型振荡环带,3颗锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb模式年龄为409～450 Ma.176Hf/177Hf从0282379到0282440,εHf(t)平均为-3.77,均低于A组锆石,属于捕获锆石.据此认为84 Ma左右由于华南岩石圈伸展,软流圈地幔上涌,导致岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融,熔体上升过程中与409～450 Ma左右形成的少量地壳岩石发生混染,随后快速侵位冷凝而形成基性-超基性岩墙.白层地区84 Ma的超基性岩浆活动是整个华南西部燕山晚期(80～90 Ma)岩浆活动的一部分.右江褶皱带周缘的燕山晚期岩浆活动主要与大规模的Sn、W、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等矿床有关,但右江褶皱带内部的燕山晚期岩浆活动是否与以卡林型金矿为代表的低温热液矿床有成因上的联系,尚需更多矿床年代学资料的证实.     

藏西班公湖斑岩铜矿带成矿斑岩地球化学及Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征

对班公湖铜矿带2个具有代表性的斑岩铜矿床--多不杂铜矿床和尕尔穷铜矿床进行了详细的岩石地球化学和Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征研究表明,与冈底斯铜矿带相比,该铜矿带含矿斑岩大离子不相容元素的富集程度相对减弱,而高场强元素和重稀土元素的亏损程度明显减轻,轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度减弱,且具有Eu的弱正异常,岩石在氧化性上更强一些;从Pb、Sr、Nd同位素特征来看,班公湖铜矿带含矿斑岩更富含放射性成因铅,~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值明显降低,其源区更接近印度洋沉积物区域,表明该铜矿带含矿斑岩的岩浆源区更浅,有更多的地壳物质加入;班公湖铜矿带含矿斑岩形成的构造环境属于活动大陆边缘区域,而冈底斯铜矿带明显偏离了活动大陆边缘区域,表明班公湖斑岩铜矿带形成于碰撞后地壳隆升阶段,而冈底斯铜矿带则形成于碰撞后地壳伸展阶段.     

江西省钽铌矿床类型及时空分布规律

对本省钽铌矿床根据矿床成因采取四级划分原则进行了详细分类,按成矿作用分内生矿床和外生矿床二大类,按矿床成因及成矿地质条件分二个亚类,根据成矿阶段分七种矿床类型,根据与矿化有关的母岩体的标型矿物分十四种矿体类型,其中蚀变的花岗岩型钽铌矿床是主要类型,其次是伟晶岩型钽铌矿床,细晶岩型矿床因矿物细小,目前尚难利用.各种类型钽铌矿床(点)主要是位于构造隆起带内,分布于怀玉山、武功山、武夷山、于山和九岭等5个钽铌成矿带中.从华力西期至燕山期均有产出,其中以燕山中期为主要成矿期.