Interfacial geochemistry of barium in suspension and sediment from Zhujiang Estuary

Chemical forms of Ba are determined in samples of suspension and sediment from the Zhujiang Estuary. Their interfacial geochemical processes are discussed. Total suspended Ba content is between 2. 4 and 40. 4 μg/L, and mostly exists in the crystalline form (43. 5%), secondly in the Fe-Mn oxidative form (23.1%). Percentages of organic, carbonate and exchangeable forms are 14. 8%, 11. l%and 7.4%, respectively. Total content of Ba in the sediment is between 158. 6 and 48. 0 ug/g. Percentages of crystalline form, Fe-Mn oxidative form and carbonate form are 78. 4% ,13. 5%and 8. 2%, respectively. Organic and exchangeable forms are not detected. The study on the mechanism of interfacial movement suggests that the salinity range of 10 is the turning point for the varied distribution of Ba. The subsidence of crystalline form affects the decrease of Ba content in suspension. The decrease mostly takes place in the salinity range lower than 10, which corresponds to the high value of Ba content in the sediment. The     

Simulations of Annual Cycle of Phytoplankton Production and the Utilization of Nitrogen in the Yellow Sea

A nutrient dynamic model coupled with a 3D physical model has been developed to study the annual cycle of phytoplankton production in the Yellow Sea. The biological model involves interactions between inorganic nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium), phosphate and phytoplankton biomass. The model successfully reproduces the main features of phytoplankton-nutrient variation and dynamics of production. 1. The well-mixed coastal water is characterized by high primary production, as well as high new production. 2. In summer, the convergence of tidal front is an important hydrodynamic process, which contributes to high biomass at frontal areas. 3. The evolution of phytoplankton blooms and thermocline in the central region demonstrate that mixing is a dominant factor to the production in the Yellow Sea. In this simulation, nitrate- and ammonium-based productions are estimated regionally and temporally. The northern Yellow Sea is one of the highly ranked regions in the Yellow Sea for the capability of fixing carbon and nitrogen. The annual averaged f-ratio of 0.37 indicates that regenerated production prevails over the Yellow Sea. The result also shows that phosphate is the major nutrient, limiting phytoplankton growth throughout the year and it can be an indicator to predict the bloom magnitude. Finally, the relative roles of external nutrient sources have been evaluated, and benthic fluxes might play a significant role in compensating 54.6% of new nitrogen for new production consumption.     

On the recovery of surface wave by pressure transfer function

Except the commonly selected pressure transfer function derived from the linear wave theory, a previous study on the pressure transfer function for recovering surface wave from underwater pressure transducer suggested that the pressure transfer function is a function of frequency parameter only. With careful analysis, this study showed that the pressure transfer function should include a transducer submergence parameter as that given by the linear theory. It was found that the previously suggested empirical formula should be restricted to measurements with the pressure transducer close to the surface; otherwise overestimation of wave height would result. Field measurements were carried out with an acoustic wave gauge and a synchronized pressure transducer located at various depths with submergence parameter close to 1 (near the sea floor). It was shown that the previous one-parameter empirical formula might overestimate the significant wave height by more than 30%. This study found that with deep-water wave bursts excluded, the transfer function based on the linear wave theory provided a fairly good estimation on the significant wave heights, with an average deviation of 3.6%.     

海洋环流模式中不同近似假设下的海表高度

Boussinesq近似是现代海洋环流模式中经常采用的假设，但随着海洋模式的不断发展完善以及气候研究应用的需要，有必要估算Boussinesq近似造成的模式误差。分别利用一个非Boussinesq近似的海洋模式与另一个结构相同且采用Boussinesq近似的模式计算海表高度，并同时利用模式预报的温度、盐度资料计算了比容异常高度。分析结果显示，这3种不同定义的海表高度无论空间结构，还是时间演变，都基本类似，尤其在热带海区最接近，差值≤1cm。Boussinesq近似意味着在模式中以体积守恒代替质量守恒，通常的做法是对其进行简单的质量补偿来保持质量守恒。比较说明，以质量补偿方法进行的高度订正对减小Boussinesq近似带来的误差没有本质的意义。     

对应分析在法国Douarnenez海湾拟庸鲽食性研究中的应用(Ⅱ)

２．４拟庸蝶食性的对应分析２．４．１观察量和变量的分组观察量（捕食鱼类）依不同季节（冬、夏季）、不同性别（雌雄性）和不同性成熟状态（幼鱼和成鱼）来分组，因此得到８（２３）个观察量。对应分析的变量（饵料）首先根据个体生态的不同分为６个类型：游走多毛类，隐居多毛类，双壳类，不大游动的甲壳类（端足目和等足目），爬行甲壳类（十足国短尾部）和棘皮动物。其他６个类型的饵料生物（类、纽虫类、小型游泳甲壳类、腔肠动物、鱼类及苔藓虫类顺在分组时剔除，其原因为它们的出现可能少了些。考虑到捕食鱼类和饵料双壳类贝壳厚度…     

东海黑潮水与陆架水的季节性输运和交换

在流星分析和ｔ－Ｓ点聚分析的基础上，在台湾东北部ＩＳ断面和东海中部ＰＮ断面上选取适当的纵剖面作为分界面，将以面分成东、西两侧，计算了界面两侧的海水交换星。结果表明：１．东海陆架区海水交换可归纳为两种类型，即“穿插型”和“进退型”。２．参与分界面处海水交换总量的年平均是夏季最大，春、秋季次之，冬季最小。黑潮水向陆架区输运量为０．５８×１０６ｍ３／ｓ，陆架水向黑潮刚输运量为０．８４×１０６ｍ３／ｓ；参与交换的总量为１．４２×１０６ｍ３／ｓ．３．相对输运量计算结果表明；黑潮水对陆架区水文状况的影响是冬季最强，秋、春季次之，夏季最弱，而陆架水对黑潮区水文状况的影响是夏季最大，秋季次之，春季和冬季最小。     

Three-dimensional Layer-integrated Modelling of Estuarine Flows with Flooding and Drying

Details are given of the refinement and application of a thee-dimensional (3-D) layer-integrated numerical model of tidal circulation, with the aim of simulating severe tidal conditions for practical engineering applications. The mode splitting strategy has been used in the model. A set of depth-integrated 2-D equations are first solved to give the pressure gradient, and the layer-integrated 3-D equations are then solved to obtain the vertical distributions of the flow velocities. Attention has been given to maintaining consistency of the physical quantities derived from the 2-D and 3-D equations. A TWO=layer mixing length turbulence model for the vertical shear stress distribution has been included in the model. Emphasis has been focused on applying the model to a real estuary, which is geometrically complicated and has large tidal ranges giving rise to extensive flooding and drying. The model has been applied to three examples, including: wind-driven flow in a rectangular lake, tidal circulation in a model rectangular harbour, and tidal circulation in a large estuary. Favourable results have been obtained for both the simple and complex flow beds.     

东亚和东南亚第四系时间界面的建议

在东亚和东南亚第四系对比中,有关的几条界限,本文建议如后。采用Globorotalia truncatulinoides的初现位作为本区海相第四系的下界,其位置大致在古地磁Olduvai亚时的下界,时间约为距今1.9Ma。在南中国海、东海及沿岸地区,发现了以G.truncatulinoides的初现位为代表的一系列有意义的生物事件,如Pulleniatina finalis的初现位,Globigerinoides obliquus和Globoquadrina altispira的灭绝位,以及Globorotalia menardii和Pulleniatina obliquloculata壳体旋向的变化。此界限在东亚和东南亚也是相当稳定的。在陆相地层中,以泥河湾组为代表,狭义的泥河湾动物群(相当于晚维拉方动物群)所在地层的底界,其古地磁位置为Olduvai亚时的底界。以此作为陆相第四系的下界,与上述海相第四系底界一致。 以古地磁布容/松山界线作为中更新世和早更新世的界限,其年代为0.73MaB.P.。中国中更新世的标准地层周口店组,其底界恰为布容/松山的转换面,北京猿人的年代为0.60—0.23MaB.P.。在洛川黄土剖面上,布容/松山界线为古土壤S_7的底界。雷琼地区中更新统下部的北海组的底界也是布容/松山界线,所产的玻璃陨石的裂变径迹年龄为0.687—0.733MaB.P.。在黄海,布容/松山界线是第Ⅶ海侵层的顶界。通过岩石地层标志,以及动物群、古人     

舟山沿海单齿螺（Monodonta labio）种群的年龄结构,生物量与生长特征

本文报导了采自舟山沿海单齿螺种群的年龄结构、生物量与生长。自然种群的单齿螺年龄组成以１＾＋和２＾＋龄占优势，壳高、壳宽、壳口高、厣径、体重等生长参数的回归关系良好，单齿螺的生长完全可以用壳高来表示。单齿螺以第一、二年生长最快。采捕季节可定在四、五月间，采捕规格应在壳高１６ｍｍ以上。     

薛家岛湾沉积动力学特征及海港开发研究

于１９９０年秋对胶州湾内的薛家岛湾进行海洋水动力条件及积动力学特征,泥沙运动规律研究,为开发建设港口提供科学依据。结果表明,湾内深大于１ｍ的海底泥沙发生“全面移动”的时间,一年内仅有１－２ｄ,其余处于稳定状态或“表面移动”状态。湾内泥沙来源很少,预计建港后,港池和航道年平均回淤量分别小于１６ｃｍ,１０ｃｍ对于开发中小型港口十分有利。