桩-土间剪切应力的传递探讨

对不同情况下桩-土间剪切应力进行了初步的理论分析,并基于ADINA有限元程序,对不同情况下的桩-土间剪切应力进行了计算对比分析。结果表明,同种土体和桩体条件下,各种模式达到极限状态时桩-土间剪切应力不同,堆载作用下负摩擦力值最大,抗拔桩负摩阻力值最小,桩顶受压桩、托桩的摩阻力值介于其间;桩材泊松比在0.15～0.35范围内时,桩侧摩阻力随泊松比的增大而增大。所得结论有助于进一步认识桩-土相互作用规律以及桩-土荷载传递机制。     

红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及矿石成因分析

红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于柴达木陆块北部的欧龙布鲁克微陆块东北缘,呈岩墙状,出露面积约0.1km~2,由方辉橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长苏长岩、暗色橄榄辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长岩等组成,各岩相带在空间上呈渐变过渡关系。电子探针分析结果显示,岩体的主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、普通辉石和斜长石,并且各矿物的结晶温度为1 307~1 122℃。岩体钛铁矿化明显,主要金属矿物为钛铁矿、钛磁铁矿和磁铁矿。利用橄榄石Fo最高值反演出原生岩浆MgO含量为8.49%,FeO含量为10.03%,TiO_2含量为1.63%,为普通玄武质岩浆。通过综合研究各矿物形成的温度和氧逸度条件,认为岩浆从橄榄石结晶到普通辉石结晶,其氧逸度是缓慢升高的,并且氧逸度是控制红柳沟北岩体Ti-Fe氧化物结晶的主要因素。     

Archean to Recent aeolian sand systems and their sedimentary record: Current understanding and future prospects

The sedimentary record of aeolian sand systems extends from the Archean to the Quaternary, yet current understanding of aeolian sedimentary processes and product remains limited. Most preserved aeolian successions represent inland sand‐sea or dunefield (erg) deposits, whereas coastal systems are primarily known from the Cenozoic. The complexity of aeolian sedimentary processes and facies variability are under‐represented and excessively simplified in current facies models, which are not sufficiently refined to reliably account for the complexity inherent in bedform morphology and migratory behaviour, and therefore cannot be used to consistently account for and predict the nature of the preserved sedimentary record in terms of formative processes. Archean and Neoproterozoic aeolian successions remain poorly constrained. Palaeozoic ergs developed and accumulated in relation to the palaeogeographical location of land masses and desert belts. During the Triassic, widespread desert conditions prevailed across much of Europe. During the Jurassic, extensive ergs developed in North America and gave rise to anomalously thick aeolian successions. Cretaceous aeolian successions are widespread in South America, Africa, Asia, and locally in Europe (Spain) and the USA. Several Eocene to Pliocene successions represent the direct precursors to the present‐day systems. Quaternary systems include major sand seas (ergs) in low‐lattitude and mid‐latitude arid regions, Pleistocene carbonate and Holocene–Modern siliciclastic coastal systems. The sedimentary record of most modern aeolian systems remains largely unknown. The majority of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of aeolian systems envisage transverse dunes, whereas successions representing linear and star dunes remain under‐recognized. Research questions that remain to be answered include: (i) what factors control the preservation potential of different types of aeolian bedforms and what are the characteristics of the deposits of different bedform types that can be used for effective reconstruction of original bedform morphology; (ii) what specific set of controlling conditions allow for sustained bedform climb versus episodic sequence accumulation and preservation; (iii) can sophisticated four‐dimensional models be developed for complex patterns of spatial and temporal transition between different mechanisms of accumulation and preservation; and (iv) is it reasonable to assume that the deposits of preserved aeolian successions necessarily represent an unbiased record of the conditions that prevailed during episodes of Earth history when large‐scale aeolian systems were active, or has the evidence to support the existence of other major desert basins been lost for many periods throughout Earth history?     

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体渗透特性试验研究

塌陷区混合回填膏体是由全尾砂、废石人工制备得到的复合宽粒级散体,其渗透性能直接影响到塌陷区回填体稳定性及次生灾害发生的可能性。采用自制的渗透性试验装置,研究了废石含量、废石粒径对混合回填体渗透系数的影响,并对回填体固有特征参数（粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量、不均匀系数 、平均粒径）与渗透系数之间关联性进行了研究。试验结果表明,回填膏体渗透系数随废石掺量及粒径增大而增加,细粒效应显著。回填体中粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量对其渗透性影响至关重要,与渗透系数呈负指数关系。渗透系数随 值增大而增大。当 20时,渗透系数增加趋于稳定。给出了混合回填体渗透系数定量方程,其结果与试验结果较为一致。     

汉江流域硫铁矿区厚子河支流水质评价研究

为查明厚子河不同区域河水受硫铁矿污染的程度,在厚子河支流4个典型河流断面采集水样,开展水质全分析测试,并采用单因子评价法和综合水质标识指数法进行评价分析。研究结果表明: (1)运用单因子评价法对硫铁矿区厚子河水质评价的结果无差异,均为劣Ⅴ类水; 而运用综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,距离硫铁矿开采区由近及远的4个断面HZ001、HZ002、HZ003、HZ004的综合水质标识指数逐渐下降,水质类别分别为劣Ⅴ类且黑臭、劣Ⅴ类但不黑臭、Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类,符合现场调查的实际情况,能够反映距离污染源越远时河水水质趋好的总体态势; (2)综合水质标识指数法不仅可以客观反映同一河流各个断面所处的综合水质类别、同一水质类别中受污染的不同程度以及与水环境功能区类别的比较结果,而且能够实现对劣V类水质污染程度的精细划分,相较于单因子评价法更加客观、科学、全面,适用于矿山开采等重污染区域河流断面水质污染情况的研判。     

汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟

将围岩看成弹性体, 断层看成具有应变软化的弹塑性体, 断层和围岩组成统一的地质介质系统。在给定的地应力、孔隙压力及边界位移的作用下, 应力逐渐积累, 当达到断层强度时, 断层进入塑性状态, 应变随之软化, 应力突然下降, 能量突然释放, 形成地震。根据这个原理, 利用有限差分FLAC软件, 对汶川5.12地震的机理进行了模拟。模拟结果证实:汶川5.12地震是在青藏高原侧向挤压, 四川盆地阻挡, 使龙门山断裂带受到缓慢增加的挤压应力场作用下形成的。计算结果给出了应力降、能量释放量、断层错动量、地震同震位移、震前位移、地震复发周期等重要参数, 结果与野外调查及其它资料给出的数据具有较好的一致性。      

上新世中期中国气候的数值模拟分析

使用中国科学院大气物理研究所的全球大气环流模式,曾就上新世中期(距今约3百万年前)气候进行过数值模拟试验,在已有针对全球气候进行分析的工作基础上,集中研究了该地质时期我国气候的变化特征。数值试验结果表明,除了青藏高原地区由于地形海拔高度变化而引起的局地冷却现象以外,上新世中期我国约100°E以东地区地表气温上升4～8℃,升温中心位于江淮流域下游地区; 该经度线以西地区地表气温升幅相对要弱一些,在1～4℃之间。上新世中期年均降水在我国东部地区显著减少,平均减幅在0.5mm/天以上,特别是在长江中游地区; 新疆北部、青海和西藏大部年均降水略有增加,而新疆中部和南部年均降水略有减少。在对流层低层,上新世中期东亚冬季风系统减弱,夏季风系统总体上略有减弱; 在对流层中层,冬季东亚大槽显著减弱,夏季中高纬度地区500hPa位势高度升高。在以上结果中,上新世中期我国气候相对于现在偏暖、东亚冬季风强度减弱得到了代用资料的支持。     

CRG桩在花岗岩持力层中的试验研究

CRG桩(预应力高强混凝土管注浆桩)取得了国家发明专利。介绍了CRG桩施工方法及试验桩施工情况,讨论了在花岗岩地层施工中遇到的孔内沉渣清理、管桩上浮及灌浆问题。对CRG桩的灌浆充填体进行了钻芯检测,发现充填体胶结质量不高,充填体强度低,影响桩身强度的提高。但静载试验表明,CRG桩的侧阻力和端阻力都得到充分发挥,单桩承载力比同直径的钻孔灌注桩有较大的提高。为在花岗岩持力层中CRG桩的试验积累了经验。     

安西县寒山金矿区钻探施工难点及解决措施

介绍了复杂地层取芯钻探的实施情况,涉及施工过程中遇到的各种技术难题和采取的解决措施,为此类项目的施工提供有益借鉴.     

RT3型岩石高压真三轴仪的研制

本文介绍了新近研制成功的岩石高压真三轴仪的结构特点、功能和试验研究结果。岩石高压真三轴仪能够独立地控制和改变三个主应力,从而可模拟工程岩体和地壳内部的任何应力状态和应力途径,是对卡阿曼(Von.Karman)型普通三轴压缩仪的重大改进。RT3型岩石高压真三轴仪,可施加最大主应力到800MPa,中间主应力200MPa,最小主应力200MPa,并能测定三个主应力方向的应变和声波参数,可供岩石力学基础理论、工程岩体稳定性和地震前兆特性等研究之用。