城市防震减灾信息管理系统之研究

城市防震减灾信息系统是“数字福建”的一个组成内容。该文结合福建省城市防震减灾信息系统的建设工作 ,探讨了地理信息系统与防震减灾数值模型的集成方法 ,论述了城市防震减灾信息系统的结构、内容、功能和组织方式 ,分析了地震风险评估、建筑物易损性评价、生命与财产损失估算、救援与救灾管理调度等模型的集成方法 ,设计了城市防震减灾信息系统。     

杨山晚古生代沉积盆地成因类型及其与桐柏-大别造山带关系的探讨

杨山晚古生代沉积盆地位于桐柏-大别山北麓,它具有明显的前陆盆地沉积特点,由早期(D₂?—C₁)的复理石建造到晚期(C₁—P?)的磨拉石建造;古生物地理分析表明其与华北、扬子陆块都有密不可分的联系,其间不可能有古洋盆的存在,因而它应当是桐柏一大别造山带碰撞造山过程中形成的前陆盆地。杨山晚古生代前陆盆地的形成说明,扬子陆块和华北陆块的陆-陆碰撞起始于晚泥盆世之前(S₃—D₂),而桐柏-大别造山带中生代的构造事件则可能代表一次大规模陆内逆冲-推覆作用。     

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床年代学、氦氩碳氧同位素特征及其地质意义

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿位于西南天山西端，受NNE向脆韧性剪切带控制。对绢云母化蚀变岩进行了^40Ar／^39Ar法年龄测定，表明金主成矿时代为三叠纪。根据黄铁矿流体包裹体氦、氩同位素、石英流体包裹体的碳、氧同位素组成，讨论了萨瓦亚尔顿金矿成矿流体的来源。结果表明石英流体包裹体中δ^18OSMOW变化于14．5100-24．2‰，CO2的δ^CPDB变化范围较大，为-8．69‰～＋4．98‰，暗示成矿流体中的碳来源于地幔和海相碳酸盐岩。黄铁矿流体包裹体的^3He／^4He变化较大，为0．04～1．11R／Ra，^40Ar／^36Ar变化较小，介于301～348。综合分析认为萨瓦亚尔顿金矿的成矿流体为地幔流体和地壳流体混合的产物，以地壳流体为主。     

露天煤矿开挖工程承压含水层井点降水数值分析

在掌握某露天煤矿水文地质条件和抽水试验成果的基础上,通过利用Modflow建立了较合理的渗流数值模型,分析了井点降水中承压含水层水位随时间的下降过程,并进行了实际分析,结果与实际观测结果吻合良好。在此基础上,开展预测研究,为进一步露天煤矿开挖降水设计提供理论依据。     

Correlation Fractal and Multifractal Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the Taiwan Area, China

Based on the analysis of newly collected data of plate tectonics, distribution of active faults and crustal deformation, the Taiwan area is divided into two seismic regions and six seismic belts. Then, correlation fractal dimensions of all the regions and belts are calculated, and the fractal characteristics of hypocenteral distribution can be quantitatively analyzed. Finally, multifractal dimensions Dq and f(α) are calculated by using the earthquake catalog of the past 11 years in the Taiwan area. This study indicates that (1) there exists a favorable corresponding relationship between spatial images of seismic activity described with correlation fractal dimension analysis and tectonic settings; (2) the temporal structure of earthquakes is not single but multifractal fractal, and the pattern of Dq variation with time is a good indicator for predicting strong earthquake events.     

井喷关井水击分析及水击波速计算

油气井发生溢流或井喷后,立即关闭防喷器,关井期间防喷器需经受关井产生的水击压力作用。本文在对井喷关井水击的传播物理特征分析的基础上,推导直接关井水击压力计算公式,综合考虑井筒流体含气率、气液两相流型、固相类型等对水击波速的影响,推导水击波在气、液、固三相混合流体中传播速度计算公式,并通过算例对水击波速影响因素进行分析。计算表明水击波速对含气率变化非常敏感,钻井液含气率在0～0.001的时候,水击波速几乎是发生了突变,水击波速在含气率为0.001时仅为385 m/s,相比纯钻井液情况下降了67%,而钻井液固相含量、套管的内径和壁厚对水击波传播速度影响较小。     

Study on numerical simulation to water lowering in an open coal mine digging

In view of the situation of excavation of open coal mine for the underground water disaster,we should carry out simulation studies for the numerical value of the water lowering project and improve the accuracy and the level of the water lowering project.On the basis of the hydrological geological conditions of certain open mine digging,a more reasonable seepage numerical model was built according to MODFLOW.It was simulated in advance that the process of the confined water level descending with the time,and combining with the actual observations to test the correctness of the model.The calculation showed that the results coincided well with the results of actual measurement.Based on this,different water lowering numerical simulations were built for the open coal mine digging.It could be simulated and forecast that the changes of the groundwater level in drainage process within and outside the mine pit,and it was quantitatively assessed that the possible water lowering result of the opencast water drainage process,which provide an important basis for the actual water lowering project and the possible project disposal.     

The Bulong Gold Deposit-a Quartz-Barite Vein Type Gold Deposit in Xinjiang:Geological Characteristics and S, He and Ar Isotopic Compositions

The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are hosted only in quartz-barite veins though there are barite veins and quartz veins in the ore district. The δ34S values of pyrite in the ores range from 14.6‰ to 19.2‰ and those of barite from 35.0‰ to 39.6‰, indicating that the sulfur was derived from the strata. 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite are 0.24-0.82 R/Ra, approximating to that of the crust. The 40Ar/39Ar ratios range from 338 to 471, slightly higher than that of the atmosphere. 40Ar /4He ratios of ore fluids range from 0.015 to 0.412 with a mean of 0.153. Helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions show that the ore fluids of the Bulong gold deposit were mainly derived from the crust.     

遥感技术在吉林省地质灾害及其防治研究中的应用

总结和介绍发生在吉林省的地震、地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、水土流失、陨石雨、沙漠化、盐碱化、沼泽化及洪涝灾害的特点、分布状况及形成机制,探讨了防治与减灾对策。以航、卫片解译查明各地质灾害的影象特征及分布范围,表明遥感技术在地质灾害的调查和监测中,具有重要意义。     

射电定位法在煤矿老空水探测中的应用

射电辐射探测地下水是新的方法,而利用单台射电辐射计对煤矿老空水进行探测并确定其位置是生产实践中更新的技术。使用单台矿用射电水探测仪,用射电定位法在井下对煤矿老空水进行探测定位,通过数据处理、射电折射修正,成功实现了煤矿老空水位置的准确定位。经徐州三河尖煤矿钻孔验证,射电折射修正后的射电定位数据与实际钻孔数据相比,钻孔深度误差约为1 m,钻孔角度误差约为1.1°,与煤矿井下探测老空水位置的其他方法比较,上述2个误差最小。