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101.
Stokes' expansion is applied to the internal waves of finite amplitude, which propagate on the interface between two layers of infinite thickness. Stream function, wave profile, phase velocity and mass transport velocity are given in the fifth order approximation. It is shown that (a) phase velocity increases with increase of wave steepness, (b) mass transport appears in the direction of the wave propagation in both layers as in the case of the surface waves, and (c) when the density difference is very small, the wave profile is flattened not only at the troughs but also at the crests. 相似文献
102.
The behavior of the water wedge advancing along the interface between two homogeneous layers is investigated experimentally. The horizontally intruding wedge is strongly influenced by the detailed structure of the interface, even when the interface is sharp enough for its position to be visually determined. Within our experimental range, the intrusion velocity is very slow and depends on the thickness of the interface along which the water wedge intrudes. The wedge length is well described by the relation which is derived using an analogy to the linearly stratified case. The results could be useful for understanding the generation mechanism of the oceanic microstructure. 相似文献
103.
Bedload yields for sand‐bed streams in the Ngarradj Creek catchment,Northern Territory,Australia
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Bedload yields were calculated by 39 methods at the East Tributary gauge, nine methods at Upper Swift Creek gauge and 11 methods at Swift Creek gauge in the Ngarradj Creek catchment in northern Australia. These methods involved combining various significant bedload rating curves determined for a measured bedload data set for a 4‐year period with either the hourly or daily hydrographs or flow duration curves for the same period, 1 September 1998 to 31 August 2002. Bedload ratings were both statistically significant (ρ ≤ 0.05) and explained at least 60% of the variance in bedload flux. Bias corrections were used with all methods based on log10‐transformed ratings. Estimated mean annual bedload yields varied by three orders of magnitude at the East Tributary gauge and by two orders of magnitude at Upper Swift Creek and Swift Creek gauges. Hourly discharges usually produced higher estimated yields than daily discharges. The bedload rating‐flow duration curve technique overestimates yields and bias correction methods always produce even higher yields. Ratings using both immersed bedload weight and adjusted immersed bedload weight always under‐predicted yields because they contain an implicit threshold of motion condition that is at least four times greater than that predicted by Bagnold's threshold equation. Such a result questions the applicability of Bagnold's threshold equation to the Ngarradj Creek catchment. The best estimates of mean annual bedload yield at East Tributary, Upper Swift Creek and Swift Creek gauges are 600 ± 170 (SE), 1065 ± 150 and 1795 ± 270 t/year, respectively. © 2015 Commonwealth of Australia. Hydrological Processes © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
104.
105.
Takahiro Nagata 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(21):6000-6013
Aqueous iodine species occur mainly as iodide (I−) and iodate (IO3−), depending on redox conditions. The adsorption of IO3− on naturally occurring oxides under oxic conditions is of environmental concern. The adsorption behaviors of IO3− by hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), α-FeOOH, and γ-Al2O3 were examined in this study as functions of pH, ionic strength, and solid concentration. Adsorption data were analyzed using an extended triple-layer model (ETLM) for surface complexation modeling to infer IO3− adsorption reactions and equilibrium constants. Results of ETLM analysis suggest that adsorption of IO3− is both an outer-sphere and an inner-sphere process, as expressed by the following complexation reactions, which are consistent with the independent pressure jump kinetic results and adsorption enthalpy measurements
106.
Alternative water resources in granitic rock: a case study from Kinmen Island,Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tai-Sheng Liou Yuan-Hsi Lee Li-Wei Chiang Wayne Lin Tai-Rong Guo Wen-Shan Chen Jeng-Ming Chien 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(5):1033-1046
Kinmen Island is a small, tectonically stable, granitic island that has been suffering from a scarcity of fresh water resources
due to excessive annual evapotranspiration over annual precipitation. Recent studies further indicate that shallow (0–70 m)
sedimentary aquifers, the major sources of groundwater supply, have already been over-exploited. Therefore, this preliminary
study is to investigate the existence of exploitable water resources that can balance the shortage of fresh water on this
island. Site characterization data are obtained from island-wide geophysical surveys as well as small-scale tests performed
in a study area formed by three deep (maximum depth to 560 m) vertical boreholes installed in mid-east Kinmen northeast to
Taiwu Mountain. Vertical fracture frequency data indicate that the rock body is fractured with a spatially correlated pattern,
from which three major fracture zones (depths 0–70, 330–360, and below 450 m) can be identified. Geologic investigations indicate
that the deepest fracture zone is caused by the large-scale, steeply dipping Taiwushan fault. This fault may have caused a
laterally extensive low-resistivity zone, a potential fractured aquifer, near Taiwu Mountain. The middle fracture zone is
induced by the Taiwushan fault and intersects the fault approximately 21 m southeast of the study area below a depth of 350 m.
Slug testing results yield fracture transmissivity varying from 4.8 × 10−7 to 2.2 × 10−4 m2/s. Cross-hole tests have confirmed that hydraulic connectivity of the deeper rock body is controlled by the Taiwushan fault
and the middle fracture zone. This connectivity may extend vertically to the sedimentary aquifers through high-angle joint
sets. Despite the presence of a flow barrier formed by doleritic dike at about 300 m depth, the existence of fresh as well
as meteoric water in the deeper rock body manifests that certain flow paths must exist through which the deeper fractured
aquifers can be connected to the upper rock body. Therefore, groundwater stored within the Taiwushan fault and the associated
low-resistivity zone can be considered as additional fresh water resources for future exploitation. 相似文献
107.
A series of water samples from Steamboat Creek, Nevada, was analyzed for total mercury concentrations. Concentrations from
these waters were 40 to 60 times higher than the pristine mountain streams entering the creek. The major source of the mercury
entering Steamboat Creek is probably from gold/silver processing that took place in the 1860s.
Received: 10 March 1997 · Accepted: 2 September 1997 相似文献
108.
U-Pb isotopic analyses of eight single and multi-grain zircon fractions separated from a syenite of the Diana Complex of the
Adirondack Mountains do not define a single linear array, but a scatter along a chord that intersects the Concordia curve
at 1145 ± 29 and 285 ± 204 Ma. For the most concordant analyses, the207Pb/206Pb ages range between 1115 and 1150 Ma. Detailed petrographic studies revealed that most grains contained at least two phases
of zircon growth, either primary magmatic cores enclosed by variable thickness of metamorphic overgrowths or magmatic portions
enclosing presumably older xenocrystic zircon cores. The magmatic portions are characterized by typical dipyramidal prismatic
zoning and numerous black inclusions that make them quite distinct from adjacent overgrowths or cores when observed in polarizing
light microscopy and in backscattered electron micrographs. Careful handpicking and analysis of the “best” magmatic grains,
devoid of visible overgrowth of core material, produced two nearly concordant points that along with two of the multi-grain
analyses yielded an upper-intercept age of 1118 ± 2.8 Ma and a lowerintercept age of 251 ± 13 Ma. The older age is interpreted
as the crystallization age of the syenite and the younger one is consistent with late stage uplift of the Appalachian region.
The 1118 Ma age for the Diana Complex, some 35 Ma younger than previously believed, is now approximately synchronous with
the main Adirondack anorthosite intrusion, implying a cogenetic relationship among the various meta-igneous rocks of the Adirondacks.
The retention of a high-temperature contact metamorphic aureole around Diana convincingly places the timing of Adirondack
regional metamorphism as early as 1118 Ma. This result also implies that the sources of anomalous hightemperature during granulite
metamorphism are the syn-metamorphic intrusions, such as the Diana Complex. 相似文献
109.
110.
Carlos E. Canosa-mas Mark L. Flugge Dina Shah Alison Vipond Richard P. Wayne 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(1):153-162
A discharge-flow tube coupled with resonance fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection has been used to investigate the reactions IO + HO2 products (1) and IO + O(3P) I + O2(2), at T = 296 ± 1 K and P = 1.7 - 2 Torr. The rate constants k-1 and k2 have been found to be (7.1 ± 1.6) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and (1.35 ± 0.15) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. 相似文献