Estimation of the evacuation clearance time based on dam-break simulation of the Huaxi dam in Southwestern China

It is necessary for China to establish a feasible method to verify whether an emergency evacuation plan (EEP) provides timely evacuation under the threat of flooding as a result of dam failure. Based on simulating the inundation area resulting from failure of the Huaxi Dam, this paper puts forward a quantitative approach to assess the effectiveness of an EEP by estimating the evacuation clearance times. Differences between urban and rural areas are considered, and two transportation modes are selected. Total evacuation clearance times in rural and urban areas are 135 and 80?min, respectively. Results show that total evacuation clearance times are longer than the time it takes for the flood wave to reach some communities in the area. The paper also makes some suggestions on how to decrease the total clearance time and thus enhance the effectiveness of the EEP for the Huaxi Dam.     

New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030

The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbanization rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. (2) The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. (3) Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015–2030, it will do so unequally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. (4) A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong province requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions concerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.     

SEED格式STEIM2数据压缩算法在实时地震数据传输中的应用

在一定带宽内,及时、高效、无失真地传输地震数据是地震数据传输的基本要求,SEED格式给出的数据格式在数据压缩方面有其独到之处,但SEED格式没有定义数据正确性和完整性保证机制和检验方法,因而影响实时传输中的使用。本文提出一种基于SEED格式的STEIM2数据压缩算法,同EDAS数据包形式兼容的实时压缩数据包编码方法,来实现实时压缩数据的传输。经理论评估和实际数据检验,它容易实现,效率高,安全,可靠,完全可以应用于实时数据传输。     

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Object- and pixel-based classifications of macroalgae farming area with high spatial resolution imagery

Macroalgae plays an important role in coastal ecosystems. The accurate delineation of macroalgae areas is important for environmental management. This study compared the pixel- and object-based methods using Gaofen satellite no. 2 image to explore an efficient classification approach. Expert system rules and nearest neighbour classifier were adopted for object-based classification, whereas maximum likelihood classifier was implemented in the pixel-based approach. Normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, mean value of the blue band and geometric characteristics were selected as features to distinguish macroalgae farms by considering the spectral and spatial characteristics. Results show that the object-based method achieved a higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient than the pixel-based method. Moreover, the object-based approach displayed superiority in identifying Porphyra class. These findings suggest that the object-based method can delineate macroalgae farming areas efficiently and be applied in the future to monitor the macroalgae farms with high spatial resolution imagery.     

山东省地震局数字科技信息平台建设与服务

从山东省地震局数字信息服务的沿革、数字科技信息网的建设、及对数字化信息资源建设与服务的再认识等方面,展示了山东省地震局数字科技信息服务平台。该平台突出防震减灾和地区特色,整合信息资源,建立了更加完备的数字化信息网站,全面提升了山东省地震局数字科技信息的服务水平,以全新的服务模式实现了全方位、多层次的数字化信息管理服务。     

Geochemical characteristics and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the Lanhualing granite in Ningguo,Anhui ProvinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Lanhualing tungsten-molybdenum deposit is a skarn-type deposit located in Ningguo county, Anhui province. This deposit is mainly hosted in the Yinzhubu Formation and the Yanwashan Formation of Ordovician, and genetically related to the Lanhualing granite. The Lanhualing granite belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series with high alkali (Na2O+K2O=4.00%-7.03%), SiO2 (67.87%-74.92%) and MgO (0.62%-1.23%) contents. The granitic rocks show right-dipping chondrite normalized REE patterns with weak δEu anomalies. The granitic rocks are relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). The ore-bearing granite was dated at 148.17±0.94 Ma by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb method. The late Yanshanian is the main tungsten mineralization epoch in the South Anhui-north Jiangxi area; and indeed, the Dongyuan, Zhuxi, Yangchuling, Dahutang and other large and super-large tungsten deposits were formed in this period. Geochemical Characteristics of the Lanhualing granite indicate a crustal source but with mantle input under tectonic regime of compression thickening. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

ArcFractal: An ArcGIS Add-In for Processing Geoscience Data Using Fractal/Multifractal Models

Natural Resources Research - Fractal and multifractal models, including the concentration-area (C–A) fractal model, spectrum-area (S–A) multifractal model, and local singularity...     

On the yearly phase delay of winter intraseasonal mode in the western United States

In the western United States, persistent and recurrent flow patterns not only modulate precipitation events but also result in prolonged surface inversion episodes. In this region, the frequency of persistent ridge/trough events ranges between 20 and 40 days, well within the intraseasonal timescale. Based on NCEP reanalysis data starting at 1949, with a focus on the interior West, we observed that episodes of prolonged ridge/trough events appear to occur about a week later every year and resets every 5–7 years—a previously undocumented phenomenon examined herein. Diagnostic analyses indicate that the interplay between regional intraseasonal flow patterns and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) alternates the preferred timeframe for the persistent ridge/trough events to occur. This may result from different phases of the NAO shifting the winter mean ridge and such shifts modulate the occurrence and timing of persistent ridge/trough events. When the timing changes evolve around the quasi-6 years cycle of the NAO, the resultant evolution forms what appears to be a steady phase delay in the ridge/trough events year after year. These results are a further step in disclosing the multiple-scale interaction between intraseasonal and interannual modes and its regional climate/weather impact.