青藏高原大气一植被相互作用的模拟试验 Ⅱ.植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力

利用大气-植被相互作用模式AVIM对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算,给出了青藏高原上植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力的分布特征.模拟结果表明,高原上叶面积指数、净初级生产力由东南向西北减少,模拟和观测的分布相一致.分析指出,青藏高原净初级生产力的分布决定于水热条件的共同作用,降水充沛、温度适宜的青藏高原东南部净初级生产力较高,而青藏高原西北部由于降水过少或温度过低,初级生产力很低.     

利用生物圈模型 (SiB2) 模拟青藏高原那曲草原近地面层能量收支

模式所需要的参数被合理地设置之后, 根据GAME/ Tibet (GEWEX亚洲季风试验/青藏高原试验) 那曲近地层观测站的资料, 将大气强迫变量代入SiB2(Simple Biosphere model version2), 文章模拟了该观测站地表能量收支。结果表明:SiB2能够较好地模拟青藏高原的能量收支情况, 净辐射、潜热通量和土壤热通量的模拟值和观测值吻合, 它们的相对误差分别为8% (低估)、6% (低估) 和3 %(低估)。同时, SiB2高估感热通量达40%。文章还给出了能量各分量的详细比较分析。     

Revision of thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls considering frost heave

This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ...     

Arsenite sequestration at the surface of nano-Fe(OH)2, ferrous-carbonate hydroxide, and green-rust after bioreduction of arsenic-sorbed lepidocrocite by Shewanella putrefaciens

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used in combination with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), X-ray powder diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to obtain detailed information on arsenic and iron speciation in the products of anaerobic reduction of pure and As(V)- or As(III)-adsorbed lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) by Shewanella putrefaciens ATCC 12099. We found that this strain of S. putrefaciens is capable of using Fe(III) in lepidocrocite and As(V) in solution or adsorbed on lepidocrocite surfaces as electron acceptors. Bioreduction of lepidocrocite in the absence of arsenic resulted in the formation of hydroxycarbonate green rust 1 [Fe^II₄Fe^III₂(OH)₁₂CO₃: GR1(CO₃)], which completely converted into ferrous-carbonate hydroxide (Fe^II₂(OH)₂CO₃: FCH) over nine months. This study thus provides the first evidence of bacterial reduction of stoichiometric GR1(CO₃) into FCH. Bioreduction of As(III)-adsorbed lepidocrocite also led to the formation of GR1(CO₃) prior to formation of FCH, but the presence of As(III) slows down this transformation, leading to the co-occurrence of both phases after 22-month of aging. At the end of this experiment, As(III) was found to be adsorbed on the surfaces of GR1(CO₃) and FCH. After five months, bioreduction of As(V)-bearing lepidocrocite led directly to the formation of FCH in association with nanometer-sized particles of a minor As-rich Fe(OH)₂ phase, with no evidence for green rust formation. In this five-month experiment, As(V) was fully converted to As(III), which was dominantly sorbed at the surface of the Fe(OH)₂ nanoparticles as oligomers binding to the edges of Fe(OH)₆ octahedra at the edges of the octahedral layers of Fe(OH)₂. These multinuclear As(III) surface complexes are characterized by As-As pairs at a distance of 3.32 ± 0.02 Å and by As-Fe pairs at a distance of 3.50 ± 0.02 Å and represent a new type of As(III) surface complex. Chemical analyses show that the majority of As(III) produced in the experiments with As present is associated with iron-bearing hydroxycarbonate or hydroxide solids, reinforcing the idea that, at least under some circumstances, bacterial reduction can promote As(III) sequestration instead of mobilizing it into solution.     

A Study on Sequence Stratigraphy of Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic in Southern North China Platform

INTRODUCTIONThestrataofMesoprotCrozoicandNeoproterozoicaredevelopedcompletelyinthesouthpartoftheNorthetnaplatformandconsistofthreesystems,inasCendingorder,Jixiaulan,QingbaikouanandSlman.BasedonadetailedinvestigationontheolltcropandthecomprehenSiveanalysis,wediscussthecharaCterofsequencestratigraphyandthecorrelationoftheMemo--Neoproterozoicinthearea.FnThRrsor~unCrsANDPARA~unCrsMeSO--NooprotffezoicRadonalfortigraphyThesouthernpartofNorthChinaplatformherereferstotheareasincluding…     

CIMISS中气象观测资料处理入库效率优化方法

气象资料种类多、海量、格式多样复杂,造成综合气象信息共享系统(CIMISS)巨大的处理压力。以高空L波段数据作为个例,进行详细的分析,在数据库表设计上,通过"键-要素"的拆分方式减少数据库冗余,建立合理的索引和分区提高数据表访问效率。在处理流程方面,通过简约化流程减少系统间消息交互和IO,从而优化系统的存储效率。同时简约流程中对比PRO*C和OCI两种入库方式,PRO*C简单高效便于开发,而OCI功能全面但相对复杂,通过比较两种入库方式的效率,系统采用PRO*C方式。高空L波段数据实际运行效果表明,平均28s完成一份数据的处理。对比高空探测数据的处理,简约流程比原流程入库更快。     

柴达木盆地西部地区断裂类型及油气勘探意义

为研究柴西地区油气成藏及其与青藏高原隆升的关系,我们借助生长断层定性和定量分析,总结出该区断裂在演化上总体可归纳为两个主要形成时期和4种表现形式：早期形成时期(E1＋2?N),中生代以来开始活动,多数终止于下油砂山组末(约14.9 Ma); 晚期形成时期(N?Q),上油砂山组开始活动,狮子沟组(约8.2 Ma)以来活动尤为剧烈,持续至今。在形式上主要表现为限于下或上构造层的生长断层; 贯穿下、上构造层的生长断层和后期断层4类。柴西地区的这种断裂构造特征,与青藏高原的分阶段隆升相对应,控制着该区的油气运移、成藏、保存及改造,对我们在柴西地区的油气勘探工作具有重大意义。     

鄂东北大别杂岩中混合岩形成的动力学机制

本文针对中小位移量伸缩缝构造进行设计研究，提出了一种常温固化型桥梁伸缩缝。经过对伸缩量Δ２０ｃｍ，Δ＝４０ｃｍ的多座桥梁的实验应用表明，这是一种适用于中小位移量桥梁中性能良好的伸缩缝，施工简便。其桥缝具体结构为，在两侧拍击区采用钢纤维混凝土增，缝内用高分子聚合物与一定比例的水泥及掺合物拌和均匀，经一段时间与桥面和加固铺装层固化成具有较高弹性和一定强度的整体式桥梁伸缩缝。其效果良好，供应用参考。     

1981—2020年贵州省降雪时空分布特征

利用1981—2020年贵州省降雪日数、初始日期、终止日期资料,分析了贵州降雪的气候特征,以及降雪日数与海拔高度、纬度的关系。结果表明：1） 贵州降雪日数西北多、南少,大值中心位于贵州西北部;降雪日数整体偏少,呈逐渐减小的趋势,2012年为突变点,整体上降雪日数每10 a减少1.6 d。降雪从11月开始出现,持续到次年3月,主要集中在冬季;开始时间集中在08—10时和20—21时;降雪具有明显的间歇性特征,降雪天气过程中仅发生1次降雪的占全部降雪过程的48.1%,主要在贵州南部,持续3 d及以上的过程集中在贵州中北部。2） 降雪初始日期集中在12、1月,最早11月;终止日期集中在2、3月,最晚4月。贵州中北部开始降雪多为12月,终止降雪多为2月;南部初始多为1月,终止降雪多为1—2月。贵州中北部降雪期更长,开始到结束间隔约为60—129 d,而南部大部为40 d以下,全省平均54 d。3） 降雪日数随着海拔高度每升高100 m增加2.3 d,纬度每增加1°增加11.4 d。