Research on seismic stress triggering

Introduction What is called seismic stress triggering refers to that stress change tensor produced by previous earthquake projected on the fault plane and slip direction of subsequent earthquakes, taking into account normal stress, pore pressure and friction coefficient, and Coulomb failure stress change DCFS can be obtained. If the direction of Coulomb failure stress changes are consistent with slip direction of subsequent seismic mechanism, e.g., Coulomb failure stress changes are positive…     

参与性方法在社区科技互助组织发展中的作用研究

参与性作为一种思想，强调了发挥每个群体的潜力、自主决策与合作；参与性作为一种方法，强调了创造参与的条件的一切手段和措施。参与性途径自90年代引进中国以来，在很多发展项目中广泛应用。参与性到底有什么贡献？根据参与性科技扶贫示范研究项目的实践，从参与性途径在社区科技互助组织发展过程中的作用、影响参与性发挥作用的因素以及不同群体对参与性的认同和体会等方面，对参与性途径进行了深入分析。     

新世纪安徽工业主导产业的选择

依据发展主导产业的条件，原则，结合安徽省的自然，经济，社会和技术条件。以及当前的国内，外形式，利用层次分析法对安徽省的工业主导产业选择作定性定量地分析，为工业的主管部门决策作理论参考。     

氡气前兆异常的物理机制

使用高速空气动力学原理研究气体在含水的孔隙介质中的运动学和动力学行为对大地震前的水氡异常、深井含水层氡气潮汐和爆破实验出现的气体异常等现象,分别建立了相应的物理机制和空气动力学方程,在物理上定量的解释了上述现象的发生和发展进程,并结合统计物理学理论较深入的探讨了气体前兆异常的物理过程和孕震的关系。此外,对大地震前随时空变化的动态的气体前兆场的演化及其预报意义,也做了定性的讨论。     

粘性土及粘性土夹沙的起动规律研究

从水流脉动的机理出发,以粘性土的宾汉应力作参数,建立了粘性土的临界起动剪切力公式.根据一系列实验结果,分析了不同情况下粘性土夹沙的起动条件,归纳出统一的表达式.此外,还对上部水流为浑水的情况下,粘性土及粘性土夹沙的起动条件作了定性分析.     

Environmental characteristics of regional groundwater in relation to fluoride poisoning in North China

More and more data indicated that high- or low-fluoride-bearing drinking water led to endemic diseases in which fluoride poisoning was caused by high levels of fluoride (fluoride ion content >1.0 mg/I) in drinking water. Fluoride poisoning in North China is characterized by pathological changes of bones and teeth. Much attention has been devoted to the study of fluoride-bearing groundwater in North China because regionally groundwater has been the main source of water supply, and fluoride poisoning has developed to the extent that it affects human health seriously. Results from the studies in North China summarized in this article indicate that regional high-fluoride-bearing groundwater has a regular distribution corresponding with the development of endemic fluoride poisoning and has something to do with paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions, geology, and hydrogeology, especially with types of hydrogeochemistry, pH value of groundwater, degree of mineralization, and so forth. High-fluoride-bearing groundwater in relation to fluorosis occurs mainly in North China, and many effective measures have been taken to reduce the fluoride content in drinking water and to cure the disease after analyzing the distribution and environmental characteristics of high-fluoride-bearing groundwater.     

我国西北地区不同类型纤蛇纹石石棉的电镜研究

作者对西北地区不同类型温石棉矿床的石棉进行了扫描电镜和高分辩率透射电镜研究,拍摄到清晰的晶格象和电子显微象,发现茫崖型和小八宝型的温石棉纤维的晶格条纹、晶格缺陷及纤维形貌有明显差异。这种差异与成棉地质条件和温度有关。     

灵武四次中强地震前地下水动态

宁夏灵武在37个月内发生了4次中强地震和数千次小余震。这4次地震震级相差不大,震中基本在同一地点,其地点均在银川平原地震地下水动态观测网范围内。4次中强地震前,水氡、水位动态反映各异,即使同一井泉,在不同地震前的短临异常反映也不相同,这一现象揭示了地震前兆的复杂性和特定条件下的不重现性特征。     

数字地形模型自动获取的一种新方案——辐射法

利用数字影像自动提取数字地形模型(DTM)的关键是影像匹配。匹配算法有基于特征的相关匹配和基于影像区域匹配两类,前者利用某种抽象的“特征”(一般为线段或点),而后者直接比较像素。但要同时满足DTM的精度,密度、可靠性和速度等要求,单纯引用某种特定的相关方法是不能有效地解决生产实际问题的。本文在分析现有几种典型方法的基础上,提出了基于特征点的辐射法,从而较为合理地兼顾了精度、密度、可靠性以及速度等指标。在AST 386微机上,无任何加速处理器,运行速度达到每秒1～3点,精度为子像素精度。     

Strong site preference of Co2+ in olivine,Co1.10Mg0.90SiO4

The crystal structure and site preference of Co²⁺ in a synthetic Co_1.10Mg_0.90SiO₄ olivine have been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected on an automatic diffractometer. The R factor is 0.044 for 612 reflections. The site occupancies are: Ml site: Co 0.730±0.006; Mg 0.270; M2 site: Co 0.370, Mg 0.630. The Gibbs free energy change, ΔG° for the ion-exchange reaction between M1 and M2 sites is ?4.06 kcals/mole, assuming ideal mixing at each set of sites. This energy may be called ‘site preference energy’ of Co²⁺ in olivine. The strong preference of Co²⁺ for the M1 site can be quantitatively explained by two competing forces: preference of ions larger than Mg²⁺ for the M2 site and stronger covalent bonding of transition metal ions at the M1 site. For Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, these two effects nearly neutralize each other, explaining the lack of considerable cation-ordering in Fe-Mg olivines.