A statistical study of the interplanetary magnetic field control of sporadic E-layer occurrence in the southern polar cap ionosphere

The influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the occurrence of sporadic E (Es)-layers in the southern polar cap ionosphere has been investigated. We statistically analysed ionogram and Doppler velocity observations made using a HF digital ionosonde located at Casey, Antarctica (66.3°S, 110.5°E; 81°S magnetic latitude) during the two summer campaign intervals 1 January to 18 February, and 1 November to 31 December 1997. The ionogram and Doppler velocity measurements were used to determine the Es-occurrence and electric field vectors (assuming E×B/B² drift), respectively. Concurrent IMF data were obtained from measurements made on board the Wind spacecraft. First, the gross properties of the IMF dependence of Es-formation were obtained: the occurrence rate was higher for negative B_y and/or positive B_z, and lower for positive B_y and/or negative B_z. To reconcile these gross properties with the electric field theory of Es-layer formation, the detailed diurnal variation of both Es-occurrence and the ionospheric electric field were obtained for different orientations of the IMF. The main statistical results are that: (1) the B_y component mainly controls the occurrence of the midnight Es-layers through its influence on the corresponding South West electric field; and (2) the B_z component mainly controls the occurrence of the evening Es-layers. However, the change in the occurrence rate for evening Es-layers was not related to the strength of the associated North West and North East electric fields. The total occurrence of Es-layers depended more on B_y than on B_z, owing to the dominance of B_y-controlled midnight Es-layers in the occurrence distribution. Nevertheless, the dependence of Es-occurrence on B_z was important. We suggest that the increase in Es-occurrence for positive B_z might be explained by the intermittent production of lower F-region ionisation by polar showers and squalls, which also increase in frequency and intensity for positive B_z. The importance of metallic ion transport within the ionosphere is also considered.     

多线程技术在伽玛全谱仪软件系统中的应用

介绍了采用多线程实现的ＣＤ－１０型野外伽玛全谱仪的软件系统,以串口这时通讯为例,说明多线程的使用方法及程步骤。     

贵州后寨河喀斯特小流域水化学特征

通过分析后寨河流域内各测站的水化学资料,讨论了流域内各点的水化学类型及其空间分布,分析了水化学类型的形成原因,并详细讨论了水量的季节变化和人为因素对水中离子含量变化的影响。      

湘西浅变质岩系中钨锑金矿床成矿系列

湖南西部钨锑金矿床主要集中分布于雪峰弧形构造带内,赋存于元古宇浅变质岩系中,严格受断裂构造控制。矿种组合为一组具有成因联系的Ｗ－Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｓｂ－Ａｕ,Ｗ－Ａｕ和Ａｕ、Ｓｂ等矿床成矿系列。各矿床具有相似的区域构造－地球化学环境、形成规律及成因机制。在元古宇浅变质岩系中控矿构造系统发育的区（带）是金矿有利的远景区（带）。     

地面核磁共振感应系统(NUMIS)及其在找水中的应用

地面核磁共振找水技术是一种新的地球物理勘探技术,具有直接找水的特点.本文简述了该方法的原理、仪器及工作过程,并给出了两个应用实例来说明该方法的应用效果.     

空间紫外天文探测者

现代紫外天文学的测波段是３１００－１００Ａ,和Ｘ线相接,紫外观测要把望远镜到１５０ｋｍ高度以上,以避开臭氧层和大气吸收。９０年代以发射的专用紫外空间探测器有Ａｓｔｒｏ－１,Ａｓｔｒｏ－２,ＩＵＥ,ＥＵＶＥ,在ＨＳＴ和ＴＲＡＣＥ上也安装有紫外空间探测器。这些紫外空间观测已覆盖了全部紫外光谱。１９９９年６月２４日发射升空的ＦＵＳＥ卫星是ＮＡＳＡ的“起源计划”项目,将通过氘或“重氢”的探测来研究轻元素丰     

城市空气质量周报及其进展

城市空气质量周报是国家环境保护总局深化空气污染防治工作的新举措, 它的公布有利于对政府的环保工作力度和成效以及生产激动经营者的环境行为实施公众监督;有利于调动公众参与污染防治工作的积极性; 有利于提高全民环境意识, 进而提高国家和民族的整体文明程度; 有利于推动我国环保工作与国际接轨, 树立我国在国际社会中的可持续发展形象。但周报仅仅是日报和预报的基础, 随着环境保护力度的加大和环境监测技术的发展, 空气质量日报和空气污染预测预报也将逐步向公众公布     

不同地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响

地质雷达探测技术是近年来适应快速、准确、无损的探测地下障碍物及对地下工程质量评价而迅速发展的方法技术。而这门方法的一个根本环节就是数据采集。本文通过结合工程实例来探讨不同的地质雷达测量参数对数据采集效果的影响。     

Responses of photosynthesis and water relations to rainfall in the desert shrub creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) as influenced by municipal biosolids

Responses of photosynthesis (P_n), stomatal conductance (g_s), pre-dawn leaf water potential (Ψ_lp) and leaf water content (ω_l) of creosote bush to 10 rainfall events in the Chihuahuan Desert were investigated. Infiltration of rainwater was manipulated by applying municipal biosolids. The responses of P_nand water relation parameters to rainfall (>10 mm) were mainly dependent upon drought severity: (1) following a moderate drought, P_n, g_s, Ψ_lpand ω_lrecovered to corresponding values of irrigated plants within 2 days after a 23-mm rainfall; (2) Ψ_lpand g_sresponded to a 15-mm rainfall within 2 days, following a 25-day drought, whereas responses of P_nand ω_lwere delayed for several days; (3) responses of P_n, g_s, Ψ_lpand ω_lto a 14·7-mm rainfall were all delayed for several weeks following a 110-day drought, but the delay was longer in P_n, g_sand ω_lthan in Ψ_lp. Creosote bush responded to small rainfall events (approximately 6 to 8 mm) with an increase in Ψ_lp, but without noticeable changes in g_sand P_n, suggesting a strong stomatal control of water loss even though xylem embolism was reduced. Biosolids applied at high rates (3·4 and 9 kgm⁻²) decreased the soil water by 2 to 4 mm following rainfall events, and this in turn delayed and decreased the responses of P_nand water relation parameters to rainfall.P_nand g_swere linearly related to ω_land exponentially related to Ψ_lp. With the generally coincidental responses of P_nor g_sand ω_lto rainfall, we concluded that the responses of P_nand g_sto rainfall were dependent on leaf rehydration which resulted from restored hydraulic conductance following drought.     

黄鳍刺(鱼叚)虎鱼(Acanthogobius flavimanu)前期幼鱼摄食习性和摄食率的初步研究

对 1997年 5月莱州湾潍河口采集的黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化道内含物分析。结果表明黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼为浮游动物食性 ,主要摄食镖蚤类、短尾类幼体、猛蚤类和甲壳类的六肢幼体。摄食有明显的节律 ,清晨消化道内含物最多 ,傍晚最少。摄食的种类随昼夜不同时间有一定的变化。摄食率 :C=9.2 52 8g/ (10 0 g· BW· d) ;日摄食量 :FD=0 .0 0 4 7g/ d。