The Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Water and Heat Exchanges over the Alpine Wetland in the East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Alpine wetland is one of the typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. It plays a crucial role in runoff regulation. Investigations on the mechanisms of water and heat exchanges are necessary to understand the land surface processes over the alpine wetland. This study explores the characteristics of hydro-meteorological factors with in situ observations and uses the Community Land Model 5 to identify the main factors controlling water and heat exchanges.Latent heat flux and therm...     

Impacts of Increasing Model Resolutions and Shortening Forecast Lead Times on QPFs in South China During the Rainy Season

This study investigated the impacts of increasing model resolutions and shortening forecast lead times on the quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF) for heavy-rainfall events over south China during the rainy seasons in 2013–2020.The control experiment, where the analysis-forecast cycles run with model resolutions of about 3 km, was compared to a lower-resolution experiment with model resolutions of about 9 km, and a longer-term experiment activated 12 hours earlier. Rainfall forecasting in th...     

基于RESTful API的智慧旅游系统设计与实现

从系统的扩展性、耦合性和可用性出发,在深入研究RESTful API的基础上,结合智慧旅游的特点,提出了基于RESTful API的智慧旅游系统建设方案。设计了基于RESTful API的智慧旅游框架,制定了RESTful API设计的基本原则,并从资源标识、参数、资源的表述、验证、异常处理和缓存6个方面分别介绍智慧旅游API的设计方法。最后,通过具体的实例证明了该方法可提高智慧旅游系统的扩展性、耦合性和可用性,为智慧旅游系统设计提供了一种可行的方案。     

测绘类专业“地球科学概论”理论教学的若干思考

以"地球科学概论"课程角色及测绘类专业特征为基础,分析并给出了测绘类专业发展能够拓展"地球科学概论"教学内容的3个实例,进而对测绘类专业"地球科学概论"课程的理论教学进行了一些思考,能够为相关专业开展该课程教学提供参考。     

一种相关观测的Partial EIV模型求解方法

Partial errors-in-variables(Partial-EIV)模型作为EIV模型的扩展形式,其构造方式更有规律,解算方法更为简便,能有效应用于实际情况。针对已有Partial EIV模型方法未考虑观测向量和系数矩阵存在相关性这一情况,通过提取观测向量和系数矩阵组成的增广矩阵中非重复出现的随机元素,构建更具一般适用性的Partial EIV模型,在该模型的基础上,将特殊假定条件扩展到不限定观测数据相关性的一般情况,详细推导了观测向量和系数矩阵元素相关且不等精度情况下的加权总体最小二乘方法,通过算例试验,并与目前已有的解决EIV模型相关观测情况下的方法进行了比较分析,研究表明本文方法可以提高计算效率,更具一般性,特别是对于观测向量和系数矩阵中存在常数元素和重复元素的情况。     

新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发量变化及基于小波的周期分析

Φ20 cm和E₆₀₁型蒸发皿在新疆均有使用,但两种数据序列自观测开始至今均不完整,尤其自2003年以后数据未进行整合和校正,使得对蒸发皿蒸发量数据的使用和深入分析受到限制。本研究基于Φ20 cm （E₂₀）和E₆₀₁型蒸发皿蒸发量（E₆₀₁）的共同观测期数据,选取新疆地区57个气象站,分析4~10月E₂₀和E₆₀₁的换算系数K。以数据序列较长的喀什（隶属南疆）和塔城站（北疆）为例,分析了逐日和逐月尺度下K的变化,并将各月K值用于两个典型站2003-2016年期间4月1日~9月30日E₂₀的估算,得出1961-2016年完整的日E₂₀序列。进一步基于复Morlet小波函数对月及年尺度E₂₀的波谱特性和周期变化进行了分析,结果表明：（1）新疆地区E₂₀和E₆₀₁的换算系数在4~10月期间具有较大的空间差异,南疆K值较北疆大。（2）喀什和塔城站插补后完整的1961-2016年期间日E₂₀序列具有以年为周期的典型变化,月E₂₀在7月最大,年E₂₀均具有明显的增加趋势;日、月及年尺度下喀什站E₂₀均高于塔城站。（3）两站点1~12月E₂₀的主周期和准周期具有2~16 a的波动,年E₂₀的主周期均为7 a,喀什站准周期为3 a和6 a,塔城站准周期为2 a和4 a。本研究可为新疆地区蒸发量序列的插补及进一步应用提供参考。     

不同pH值下的珊瑚养殖实验

本文建立了一种科研用室内珊瑚养殖中新生长珊瑚的培植方法,解决了养殖珊瑚中新生长珊瑚样品的培植和采集问题。按照所改进的珊瑚养殖技术和建立的新生长珊瑚的培植方法完成了在不同海水pH值环境下的珊瑚养殖实验,同时达到对养殖中研究参数控制的简化和有效地目的。测定了在养殖过程中各水化学参数的变化,获得了新生长的珊瑚样品,为利用硼同位素组成指示海洋环境的变化提供载体。     

Eco-compensati on in Guanting Reservoir Watershed Based on Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Yield and Purification Services

Guanting Reservoir (GR) is one of the most important water sources for Beijing and neighboring regions. Due to water pollution, it was withdrawn from the system to supply Beijing drinking water; however, after a thorough treatment process, GR was made a reserve water source since 2007. To develop a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of water yield and purification services in the GR watershed, this study selected two time periods: the period when GR was withdrawn from the system supplying local drinking water and the period that it has been designated a reserve water source. The InVEST model was used to evaluate the quantities of water yields, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus outputs from 1995 to 2010 Additionally, the spatiotemporal variations of water yield services and water quality purification services in the GR watershed were analyzed. The results showed that water yield services in the GR watershed first weakened and then became stronger, but weakened overall during the years 1995 to 2010. Water yield capacity in the basin decreased from 1.89×109 m³ in 1995 to 1.43×109 m³ in 2010 (a drop of 24.0% in total). Water quality purification services also showed the same tendency. Total nitrogen output decreased from 4028.7 t in 1995 to 3611.4 t in 2010, while total phosphorus decreased from 379.7 t in 1995 to 354.0 t in 2010. Nitrogen and phosphorus purification services were enhanced by 10.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Changes in the climate and land use were the main factors which lead to the changes in the water yield service in the GR watershed. Policies intended to protect water resource have matched the varying trends of water quality purification services during different periods. On one hand, the research results provide a foundation to identify key fields for eco-compensation in the Guanting Reservoir basin. On another hand, the ecosystem service value will increase on the basis of eco-compensation criteria through setting the scenarios of returning farmland to forest and ecological protection. This method directly reflects increases in ecosystem service values that have occurred since measures to protect the ecological environment have been implemented. This method is more persuasive and feasible than using eco-compensation criteria based on regional ecosystem service values determined by land use/ coverage type. It can provide a new way to assess eco-compensation in the Guanting Reservoir basin and other regions.     

Analysis of Spatial Mismatch of Tourism Development in Guangdong Province

The spatial mismatch situation of tourism development in Guangdong Province is analyzed by gravity model and two-dimensional matrix based on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, and the results are visualized using ArcGIS software. This study finds that varying degrees of spatial mismatch exist between the level of tourism development, abundance of tourism resources and accessibility of tourism locations in the 21 cities in Guangdong Province. The gravity centers for tourism economy, tourism resources and tourism location are (113.55° E, 23.00° N), (113.69° E, 23.21° N) and (113.74° E, 22.86° N), respectively. According to the two-dimensional combinatorial matrices, synchronous development is shown in 10 prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-resource abundance combination, whereas it is shown in seven prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-tourism location combination. Guangzhou and Shenzhen are synchronous-double high zones for both combinations, while Foshan, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, Zhongshan and Jieyang are deviating-negative mismatch zones for both combinations. Furthermore, the vast majority of prefecture-level cities within the province currently present mismatching trends in tourism development. Based on the analysis results, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward taking into account the actual situation and opportunities for further tourism development in various prefecture-level cities.     

Modulation of the Intensity of Nascent Tibetan Plateau Vortices by Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation

The modulation of the intensity of nascent Tibetan Plateau vortices(ITPV) by atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO) is investigated based on final operational global analysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The spatial and temporal distributions of the ITPV show distinct features of 10–20-day QBWO. The average ITPV is much higher in the positive phases than in the negative phases, and the number of strong TPVs is much larger in the former,with a peak that appears in phase 3. In addition, the maximum centers of the ITPV stretch eastward in the positive phases,indicating periodic variations in the locations where strong TPVs are generated. The large-scale circulations and related thermodynamic fields are discussed to investigate the mechanism by which the 10–20-day QBWO modulates the ITPV. The atmospheric circulations and heating fields of the 10–20-day QBWO have a major impact on the ITPV. In the positive QBWO phases, the anomalous convergence at 500 hPa and divergence at 200 hPa are conducive to ascending motion. In addition, the convergence centers of the water vapor and the atmospheric unstable stratification are found in the positive QBWO phases and move eastward. Correspondingly, condensational latent heat is released and shifts eastward with the heating centers located at 400 hPa, which favors a higher ITPV by depressing the isobaric surface at 500 hPa. All of the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in the positive QBWO phases are conducive to the generation of stronger TPVs and their eastward expansion.