COSMO-SkyMed颜色变换强度RC法南京建设用地变化检测

基于非局部滤波的SAR强度RC合成变化检测法对小图斑、线型地物等动态监测灵敏,且对数据获取无时空基线要求,在多云多雨城市地表要素变化检测中具备潜力。本文研究以多时相SAR强度RC合成图为数据源,提出一种基于色彩空间变换的变化图斑半自动提取方法,即通过色彩空间转换、训练样本选取、监督分类影像分割、变化区域提取4步骤,可实现基于SAR强度图的城市建设用地动态监测与图斑高效更新。选取南京河西新城与江北新区为示范,以最优参数配置（3特征向量与10样本类别）进行试验,实现了优于88%的建设用地查准率指标。     

锥束CT的CT值标定方法

CT值是医学CT重建图像的一个必备要素,在某些场合下已成为医生诊断疾病的辅助工具,比如骨密度测量、图像分割与识别等。本文介绍一种锥束CT的CT值转换方法。借助Sedentex CT模体,分别获得5种材料的标称CT值和锥束CT衰减系数重建值,并经线性拟合,建立起标称CT值和衰减系数重建值之间的转换方程。最后,分析对比度噪声比和图像灰度值均匀性偏差在CT值转换后的变化情况。     

沧州地区地面沉降现状Sentinel-1A/B时序InSAR监测与分析

获取了22景IW模式的Sentinel-1A/B数据,分别采用PS-InSAR和SBAS-InSAR两种时序技术得到了沧州地区2015年11月至2016年11月期间地表平均沉降速率及累计沉降量。经分析,两种时序监测结果具有较高的一致性,其结果表明：献县、沧县、沧州市区地面表现为回升趋势;青县、沧县东部、南皮县西部、东光县等地区地面沉降量较大,其中东光县何庄村累计下沉量达47 mm,而引起这些区域地面沉降的主要原因为农业生产等带来的地下水开采。本文对基于Sentinel-1A/B SAR数据的时序分析方法在城市沉降监测方面的应用进行了探讨,为有关部门提供了重要的参考数据。     

Pattern and timing of late Cenozoic rapid exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain,China

The Helan Mountain, an intraplate deformation belt in the North China Craton, is located in the northern portion of the China North-South seismic belt, and at the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block. The Cenozoic deformation history of the Helan Mountain is characterized by extension along the eastern Helan Mountain fault (EHSF), resulting in the exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain, relative to the rifting of the adjacent Yinchuan Basin. Here we present new apatite fission track (AFT) data from several transects adjacent to the EHSF in the central and northern Helan Mountain. AFT ages from the northern Helan Mountain (Dawukou and Zhengyiguan transects) range from 10 Ma to 89 Ma, whereas AFT ages from the southern Helan Mountain (Suyukou transect) are greater than 71 Ma. The AFT data analysis reveals initiation of rapid uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain at 10–12 Ma. Additionally, a plot of the AFT ages versus their mean track length shows a distinctive "boomerang" pattern indicating that the Helan Mountain experienced a discrete phase of accelerated exhumation beginning at 10-12 Ma. Spatially, AFT samples systematically increase in age away from the EHSF and are consistent with late Cenozoic exhumation that was slow in the southwestern Helan Mountain and rapid in the northeastern Helan Mountain, as well more rapid adjacent to the EHSF and slower away from the EHSF. Obviously, the spatial distribution of late Cenozoic exhumation indicates that normal faulting of the EHSF is related to southwestward tilting and rapid exhumation of the Helan Mountain beginning at 10–12 Ma. The uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain was a response to the intensive extension of the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block in the late Cenozoic; this occurred under a regional extensional stress field oriented NW-SE along the Yinchuan-Jilantai-Hetao and the Weihe-Shanxi graben systems adjacent to the Ordos Block.     

高密度电阻率法在果香峪溶洞勘查中的应用效果分析

地下岩溶的发育影响着地面基础工程的安全使用,所以,我们要对岩溶地区发育特征进行全面的了解,以采取相应的措施保证该地区地面建筑的安全。溶洞的空间赋存状态一般是不规则的三维地质体,它的发育与地下水系及该地区的地质构造有紧密联系,造成溶洞的洞室可能含有高阻或低阻填充物,导致溶洞与围岩之间存在物性差异。高密度电阻率法正是利用物...     

黄河中上游能源基地区岩溶大泉衰减原因、变化趋势及其防治对策

黄河中上游地区,自黄河青铜峡,经内蒙准格尔、山西、陕西两省至河南西部,为我国最重要的以煤炭资源为主的能源基地。随着能源基地的建设和开发,区域岩溶地下水水位连年持续下降,岩溶泉水流量衰减,引起了一系列环境地质问题,如水质恶化、生态退化等。本文从能源基地岩溶泉流量衰减问题入手,研究了能源基地区岩溶泉水流量衰减问题,提出了开展水土保持工作、合理控制地下水的开采、搞好矿坑水的综合利用及污水处理资源化等相应的防治对策。      

西藏南部Cenomanian-Turonian缺氧事件:有机地球化学研究

基于藏南中白垩统Ｃｅｎｏｍａｎｉａｎ－Ｔｕｒｏｎｉａｎ缺氧事件沉积的有机地球化学分析,对黑色页岩的有机质输入及其沉积环境进行了系统研究,并探讨了特征生物标志化合物与缺氧事件之间的关系。研究表明,缺氧层内高含量有机碳的黑色页岩与灰绿色页岩、泥灰岩构成二级旋回地层;有机质的母质输入以海洋生物的菌藻类为主。生物标志物与缺氧事件对应研究表明,Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ在剖面上的相对含量是判别氧化还原的良好指标,胡萝卜烷含     

Platinum-Group Element Geochemical Certified Reference Materials (GPt1-7)

Unlike the situation for other elements, few reference materials certified for the platinum-group elements are currently available. Therefore, the GPt1-7 series of PGE geochemical CRMs, prepared by the IGGE, represent an important addition and comprise a range of matrix types, including a soil, stream sediment, Mg-rich ultramafic rock, Fe-rich ultramafic rock, platinoid ore depleted in Cu, Ni and Fe, and a chromitite. The concentration of PGE in these samples ranges over 4-5 orders of magnitude and the samples were shown to have good homogeneity as assessed by a variance test. Analytical methods based on different principles were used in sample certification, including several fire assay and wet chemical procedures used for decomposition and preconcentration. Certified values for the elements Pt, Pd, Os, Ru, Ir, Rh and Au were determined by AAS, catalytic colourimetry (COL), catalytic polarography (POL), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ICP-MS and NAA. Recently, the GPt1-7 samples were approved as national primary CRMs by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of China.     

两类ENSO事件赤道太平洋次表层海温异常的演变特征

基于美国马里兰大学提供的海洋同化(SODA)月平均资料,用个例和合成分析方法,剖析了两类ENSO事件赤道太平洋海温异常演变特征。结果指出,东部型ENSO事件的初始海温异常源来自赤道西太平洋次表层,海温异常中心沿气候温跃层向东向上传送,至赤道东太平洋表层形成ENSO事件。东部型ENSO冷暖事件互为初始场,在形成某一位相的ENSO事件的过程中也同时为相反位相的ENSO事件准备条件。中部型ENSO事件的初始海温异常源出现在赤道中太平洋次表层,海温异常中心沿气候温跃层向东向上传送至赤道中东太平洋表层形成ENSO事件。中部型ENSO事件多在前次事件减弱中断后出现。     

库姆塔格沙漠梭梭群落特征研究

 在对库姆塔格沙漠植被调查的基础上，以天然梭梭为研究对象，从群落结构、分布和生长特性等方面研究了梭梭群落的结构特征及其自然生存规律。结果表明：沙漠南缘地带为梭梭群落的分布定居区。由于生境及地貌类型的不同，群落结构差异性较大。随着植被类型由东部山前荒漠草原向西部典型荒漠植被类型过渡，梭梭群落相对数量及相对盖度增大，由伴生种转化为建群种。水分是影响梭梭种群自然生长及更新的主导因素，成龄梭梭的生长差异性表现为河床梭梭优于滩地梭梭，沙地梭梭好于戈壁梭梭;小龄级梭梭幼苗主要分布在河床冲沟边缘附近，形成垂直河床的条带状定居格局;深居沙漠腹地的老龄梭梭已基本上衰败死亡，测定年代距公元1950年为(314±54)a。风沙作用使沙漠南移，梭梭出现衰败死亡与自然更新的演替过程。