南洞庭湖湿地景观文化的结构与特征研究

洞庭湖是我国传统的风景名胜区,也是世界上唯一一个由三个国际重要湿地组成的湖泊。作为洞庭湖的最重要组成部分,南洞庭湖国际重要湿地蕴藏着独特的景观文化资源,在长江文明、中华文明乃至世界文明的发展中占有重要地位。根据1999～2005年的调查结果,系统地分析了南洞庭湖湿地景观文化资源的结构特征：①物质文化（稻耕文化、船文化、建筑文化、生产文化、工程文化等）;②精神文化（端午节、民俗艺术、湖乡忌禁、饮食文化、抗洪抢险、植物文化等）;③制度文化（傩文化、楚文化、历史遗迹、湿地文物等）;阐述了湿地文化的起源及地位,重点研究了15种景观文化内容。研究结果表明,南洞庭湖景观文化的本质特征（湿地文化与水文化）具有国际重要湿地背景,典型的湘楚文化特点,突出的湿地特色,独特的世界遗产特点,同时具有高度的真实性及完整性。     

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田矿化蚀变特征及其成矿预测

广西佛子冲铅锌矿矿田位于桂东南博白-岑溪多金属成矿带的中段.矿区围岩蚀变强烈,类型繁多,其中以矽卡岩化、硅化和帘石化与成矿关系最为密切.矿体至围岩明显有矽卡岩化 - 强硅化 - 弱硅化 - 石英、碳酸盐化的蚀变分带特征.作者根据赋矿岩性、矿化蚀变分布、矿体产出特征及相关物探工作,提出六塘 - 龙树垌和牛卫 - 水滴两个找矿预测区.     

临港石化集聚对城镇人居环境影响的居民感知——宁波镇海案例

沿海港口地区大量地集聚化工企业,导致生态环境型邻避冲突在滨海港口城市不断涌现.利用问卷调查、半结构访谈对镇海居民入户抽样,调查石化企业集聚对人居环境影响的居民感知.结果表明:①石化企业集聚的潜在危险与环境排放构成的居住安全、环境污染是集聚区环境外部性的首要负外部性,是影响城市人居环境的重要方面;②本地居民认知的石化集聚区环境外部性对人居环境影响的空间特征符合地理学第一定律,且青年、中青年、老年群体的感知差异初现文化集团性;③初步证实人居环境是有效刻画城市产业空间组织及其环境外部性的综合媒介,将成为政府破解“环境抗争事件”和城市产业升级的着力点.研究成果为深入理解城市产业功能区升级与城镇人居环境建设需求及阶层偏好提供了案例,同时对指导城市产业空间优化与宜居城市建设具有重要的现实意义.     

锦屏大理岩动态劈裂拉伸破坏及能量演化特征分析

劈裂拉伸破坏是隧洞围岩失稳破坏的主要形式之一。现阶段,在动态劈裂条件下岩石裂纹扩展及对应阶段的能量演化机制鲜有涉及。基于此,采用分离式霍普金森压杆对锦屏大理岩试样进行了不同弹速下的劈裂试验,并借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,模拟试样动态劈裂破坏过程。从试验测试和数值计算角度,重点分析大理岩劈裂过程中的裂纹扩展机制以及能量演化特征。结果表明：在应变率为5～35 s−1时,大理岩的动态拉伸强度与应变率呈线性正相关,同其他地区大理岩相比较,锦屏大理岩的应变率敏感性相对较低;随着弹速的增加,系统内能和动能均增大,在试样破坏的瞬间系统内能降至最低;采用标定的Cowper-Symonds本构模型参数进行数值模拟,所得的试样最终破坏形态与试验观察到的现象基本一致。研究结果可为具体工程应用提供指导和参考。     

岱海地区近400年来的"尘暴"事件——来自岱海沉积物粒度的证据

根据高分辨率的岱海沉积物粒度分布的中值粒径和粗颗粒含量,结合区域降水、历史记载资料,重建了内蒙古岱海地区近４００年来发生的尘暴事件。结果表明,尘暴事件是受冬、夏季风的相对强弱制约的,大量尘暴事件频发于小冰期干冷的气候条件下,表现为中值粒径大,粗颗粒含量高,在转暖的现代气候下,尘暴事件很少,中值粒径也随之降低,但是近十几年尘暴事件又呈上升趋势,部分可能与人类活动造成的土地荒漠化有关。     

西苕溪流域不同土地类型下氮元素输移过程

以西苕溪流域为研究对象,选择最有代表性的5种土地类型,模拟天然大暴雨,通过3次重复实验研究不同形态氮素随暴雨径流及径流沉积物的迁移过程,估算氮素在流域内不同土地利用/土地覆被条件下的损失率。研究结果表明,在相同的降雨条件下,氮素的流失速率和流失量随土地利用/土地覆被类型的不同表现出明显差异,地表径流水相总氮的流失量桑林最大,水田最小。水相不同形态的氮素流失量亦有所不同,悬浮颗粒态氮占地表径流水相总氮的70 %~90 %,水相溶解态氮的流失量以松林为最高,竹林、桑林和水田接近而且较低,不同类型的水相溶解态氮也随土地利用类型的不同表现出各自的特征。各土地类型单位面积、表层10 cm土壤氮素流失高达4.66~9.40 g·m-2,其中随径流沉积物相迁移的氮素占绝大部分(90 % 以上)。估算出的各土地利用类型总氮流失速率,地表径流水相为2.68~14.48 mg·m-2·min-1,径流沉积物相高达100.01~172.67 mg·m-2·min-1。     

Estimation of Grassland Production in Central and Eastern Mongolia from 2006 to 2015 via Remote Sensing

Mongolia is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative “China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor” and a region that has been severely affected by global climate change. Changes in grassland production have had a profound impact on the sustainable development of the region. Our study explored an optimal model for estimating grassland production in Mongolia and discovered its temporal and spatial distributions. Three estimation models were established using a statistical analysis method based on EVI, MSAVI, NDVI, and PsnNet from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data and measured data. A model evaluation and accuracy comparison showed that an exponential model based on MSAVI was the best simulation (model accuracy 78%). This was selected to estimate the grassland production in central and eastern Mongolia from 2006 to 2015. The results show that the grassland production in the study area had a significantly fluctuating trend for the decade study; a slight overall increasing trend was observed. For the first five years, the grassland production decreased slowly, whereas in the latter five years, significant fluctuations were observed. The grassland production (per unit yield) gradually increased from the southwest to northeast. In most provinces of the study area, the production was above 1000 kg ha ^-1, with the largest production in Hentiy, at 3944.35 kg ha ^-1. The grassland production (total yield) varied greatly among the provinces, with Kent showing the highest production, 2341.76×10 ⁴ t. Results also indicate that the trend in grassland production along the China-Mongolia railway was generally consistent with that of the six provinces studied.     

川东地区嘉陵江组四段膏盐岩分布的沉积环境分析

四川盆地东部地区嘉陵江组嘉四段沉积环境是局限海台地蒸发岩相,水体封闭,有利成盐。以川东地区油气勘探的500余口实际钻井资料为基础,通过岩性微相的研究,探讨川东地区的古地貌特征,寻找成盐的微环境因素,有助于从区域上预测盐类的分布。T1j4盐湖主要分布在蒸发岩沉积中心——膏盆相,但位于膏盆相的周缘地带和膏盆内部堤坝周围,少部分分布在膏盆边缘相,区域上则主要分布在宣汉、达州、万县、云阳、垫江及渠县等地区,有一定的继承性。     

大洋洲地区境外地质工作的现状与思考

在对大洋洲优势矿产资源的成矿地质背景、成矿区带划分、矿床类型和资源潜力进行初步研究的基础上,对澳大利亚及巴布亚新几内亚等国的投资环境和中国地勘矿业“走出去”工作现状等进行分析,认为澳大利亚和巴布亚新几内亚两国的铁、锰、铜、铝、镍,以及具有战略意义的金、铀、稀土等矿产的资源储量潜力巨大,与中国形成良好的矿产资源互补性,是中国企业“走出去”进行矿业开发的理想对象,并结合自身经验提出长期和短期 “走出去”的相关建议。     

Influence of Ecological Technology Measures on the Annual Sediment Load of the Wuding River

The influence of ecological technology measures on the annual sediment loads of rivers complies with the principles of statistics. In this paper, the annual sediment load of the Wuding River is taken as the dependent variable and the rainfall, rainstorms during the flood period of the Wuding River and areas of ecological technology measures are taken as the independent variables to analyze the influence of ecological technology measures on the annual sediment load of the Wuding River during the years 1956 to 2007. This research uses a stepwise regression method. The result shows that 1) the non-linear regression equation composed of three independent variables including 7-8 monthly rainfalls along the Wuding River, areas of ecological technology measures and maximum daily rainfall along the Wuding River has been calculated and set up; the correlation coefficient is R²=0.857 and the significance level is α=0.001. 2) R²=0.717 is adjusted and the regression equation reveals a change of annual sediment load exceeding 71.7% over 52 years; 3) The standardized regression coefficient for ecological technology measure area has the maximum absolute value of the three independent variables shows maximum influence on the change of annual sediment load; and 4) Because of implementing the ecological technology measures, until to year of 2007, when the 7-8 monthly rainfall and maximum daily rainfall are the maximum values in the research section, the annual sediment load is calculated as 149million ton, which is 36% of the maximum value in the history.