湿位涡分析在河北东北部暴雨预报中的应用

应用湿位涡理论,对2008年6月25日发生在河北省东北部的1次局地暴雨天气进行了诊断分析。结果表明,暴雨产生在θse线陡立密集区附近,θse线陡立密集区附近对流稳定度较小,有利于湿斜压涡度发展,MPVI“高层正值区低层负值区垂直迭加”的配置是暴雨发生、发展的有利形势,暴雨区位于850hPa上MPVI零线附近,湿位涡在850hPa上具有MPV1〈0,MPV2〉0的特征,在夏季可以作为河北省北部预报暴雨的一个有效辅助工具。     

黄铁矿晶体制备研究

本文介绍了目前黄铁矿晶体和薄膜的主要制备方法、制备条件参数及其产品特点,以及模拟天然黄铁矿生长的实验方法、条件参数和实验结果.指出应加强合成黄铁矿晶体生长理论研究,根据纳米线阵列、纳米晶线黄铁矿的优异物理、机械性能、天然黄铁矿晶须的矿物学特征和晶须材料的优越性能,认为今后黄铁矿晶须的应用有广阔的前景,合成黄铁矿研究工作值得关注.     

俯冲带温度条件下橄榄石中硅氧四面体的非谐振动:透射红外光谱研究

橄榄石既是上地幔的主要矿物,又是俯冲板块的主要矿物。在正常地幔温度条件下,橄榄石中原子之间的振动是非谐振动,这已成为学界共识;然而,对于俯冲带的较低温情况,橄榄石中原子之间的振动的非谐性是否重要,目前还没有比较一致的结论。本研究利用透射红外光谱的方法,系统研究了室温下不同厚度橄榄石中硅氧四面体的红外光谱特征,并着重对其在2100~1500cm-1区域形成的二倍频峰/合频峰进行了指认。在此基础上,本研究通过采集不同温度下的透射红外光谱数据(最高温度达约450℃),确立了橄榄石中硅氧四面体的相应基频峰及二倍频峰峰位对温度的依赖性,进而得出其相应红外振动的非谐系数(χ)随温度(T)的变化关系,具体为:χ838=6.37(2)×10-7×T+0.0014(1)及χ993=7.86(3)×10-7×T+0.0015(1),其中温度的单位为℃。外推到600℃时,有χ838=0.0018(1)及χ993=0.0020(2)。这些结果表明,在俯冲带的较低温条件下,橄榄石中硅氧四面体的内部振动的非谐性可能不重要。     

穿越采空区氮气钻井工艺应用研究

以寺河矿区穿越采空区氮气钻井试验为背景,通过分析煤层取心测试数据,指出钻井穿越3号煤层采空区抽采9+15号煤层瓦斯的必要性。利用“三带”理论明确了3号煤层采空区顶板以上74.4 m及底板以下22.73 m为钻井漏失带,采用氮气钻井穿越该层段有助于安全高效施工;优化了穿越采空区氮气钻井的三开井身结构;根据穿越采空区氮气钻井工艺需要,配套设计了地面钻井工艺流程。氮气钻井工艺在寺河矿区试验的成功,证明该工艺的可行性,对穿越采空区钻井技术的研究和推广应用具有重要的指导意义。     

新疆伊犁盆地511砂岩型铀矿床成矿作用机理研究

为探讨511铀矿床的形成机理,通过野外岩心观察和系统样品采集,结合室内化学分析、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法,详细研究了赋存于Ⅴ旋回砂体的铀矿地质特征,对砂岩铀的成矿作用展开了初步讨论。认为Ⅴ旋回层间氧化带可划分为氧化带、氧化_还原过渡带(包括褪色亚带和铀矿石亚带)和还原带;铀矿赋存在过渡带砂岩中,空间展布严格受层间氧化带控制;铀主要以显微浸染状铀矿物(沥青铀矿 铀石)形式散布于炭屑木质细胞腔内壁和砂岩碎屑颗粒的填隙物中,部分以吸附形式赋存于粘土矿物和炭屑;层间氧化带发育是含氧层间承压水与砂岩之间水岩作用的结果。伴随砂岩中有机质、S2-和Fe2 被氧化,形成的有机酸类、SO2-4和Fe3 等组分部分迁移至过渡带沉淀,也是砂岩中铀元素活化迁移、沉淀富集,再活化、再富集的循环过程;层间氧化带及其砂岩铀成矿作用发生于表生环境,始于喜马拉雅早期(66Ma),具有长期性和滚动式向前发展的特点;铀成矿可能与微生物细菌活动及其还原作用密切相关。     

Mangshan Loess in Central China and the Paleomonsoon Variationssince the Last Interglaciation

The Mangshan Yuan is a loess platform on the southern bank of the Yellow River, which is located in northwestern Zhengzhou of Henan Province, China. The typical Zhaoxiayu section of the Mangshan Yuan preserves stratigraphical loess units above S10 with a total thickness of 172.1 m, which includes 15.7 m of the last interglacial paleosol S1, 77.3 m of the last glacial loess L1 that consist of 41.6 m of the late stade L1LL1, 13.2 m of the interstade L1SS1 and 22.5 m of the early stade L1LL2. Based on the age marking points by correlating magnetic susceptibility of the section with the SPECMAP curve, the timescale of the section was constructed, and the average accumulation rate and the resolution of each loess strata over the S2 were subsequently calculated using the     

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.     

小浪底水库淤积形态数值模拟

水库淤积形态是影响库容分布、水库排沙的一项重要因素。小浪底水库近坝段淤积泥沙粒径极细,具有流动性,针对其细颗粒泥沙淤积特点,揭示了水库细颗粒淤积物的流变特性与流型特征;通过引入水、淤积物、床面之间的界面受力分析,构建了细颗粒淤积物失稳流动描述模式,并与水沙输移模型相耦合,建立了考虑细颗粒淤积物流动特性的水库淤积形态模拟方法,在此基础上对小浪底水库淤积形态进行了验证分析。研究结果表明:低密度细颗粒淤积物为宾汉型流体,淤积平衡坡降较小,当其密度大于1.25 g/cm 3后,流动性快速减弱;考虑细颗粒淤积物流动特征的水库淤积形态模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好。研究成果可为水库淤积形态形成机理及其对水沙调控的响应研究提供技术支撑。     

X射线荧光光谱法检测Au质量分数不确定度的评定——以样品Au750为例

为了使测量结果更加科学,其不确定度的评定就越来越重要。在运用X射线荧光光谱法检测贵金属质量分数的过程中,测量系统以标准曲线法为基础,测量仪器直接给出测量结果,故可将该测量方法等同于直接测量。以样品Au750为例,探讨了测量不确定度的评定过程与步骤。结果显示,该方法测量结果的不确定度来源主要与测量系统有关,其主要的不确定度分量有标准样品的给定值与误差、仪器的分辨率、准确度以及校准不确定度等,忽略了环境及操作不当的人为影响因素。该评定过程简化,评定方法趋干合理。     

山东玲珑九曲金矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

山东玲珑九曲金矿床位于金矿田的东部,属石英脉--蚀变岩型金矿床,矿化分为4 个阶段,黄铁矿--石英脉阶段,石英--黄铁矿阶段,多金属硫化物阶段和石英--碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,九曲金矿床主成矿阶段石英中发育气液两相和含CO2 三相包裹体,也可见少量的富气相包裹体。气液两相包裹体均一温度范围为133. 5 ℃ ～ 325. 7 ℃,峰值为290 ℃ ～ 310 ℃,盐度为2. 80% ～ 17. 82% NaCl; 含CO2 三相包裹体均一温度范围为236. 5 ℃ ～ 315 ℃,出现两个峰值,为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃和310 ℃ ～ 320 ℃,盐度为0. 41% ～ 8. 92%NaCl; 富气相包裹体均一温度范围为222. 1 ℃ ～ 236. 4 ℃,峰值为230 ℃ ～ 240 ℃,盐度为7. 71% ～ 9. 98%NaCl。综合地质条件、矿床特征和包裹体显微测温结果认为: 九曲金矿床成矿流体为中温、中低盐度的NaCl --H2O --CO2 型体系,矿床属中温岩浆热液成因类型。