SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENTS OF SHALLOW LAKE IN THE ZHALONG WETLAND

1 INTRODUCTIONNitrogen and phosphorus in the water are the nu-trients limited in natural wetlands,which seriously in-fluence on the ecosystem production and the biodiver-sity(Mitsch,Grosselin,2000).Nitrogen and phos-phorus recycles have been interrupted b…     

长白山圆池泥炭氮元素分布特征及其影响因素分析

通过对长白山圆池4个泥炭剖面样品的分析,揭示了其氮元素分布规律。在圆池选取4个具有代表性的采样点,利用泥炭采样器采取新鲜泥炭样品。分析结果表明,4个泥炭剖面氮元素含量在0.014%~3.353%之间;剖面间相比较,其中贫营养泥炭整体含氮量较低;4个泥炭剖面的氮元素分布呈现明显规律,受泥炭上层不同植物、泥炭水分和有机质含量等因素的影响,泥炭剖面中氮元素累积峰可能出现在剖面的表层(0~5cm)或中间层(10~20cm);泥炭剖面氮元素与有机质呈极显著的正相关;泥炭剖面C/N比值变化在9.51~66.98之间,部分剖面层位C/N比值异常高,表明该层位碳的累积速度显著高于氮元素。     

阻燃级氢氧化镁制备过程中表面有机化改性

文章通过论述阻燃剂型氢氧化镁制备过程中的表面有机化改性,对改性剂、作用机理和改性工艺等进行了探讨,说明了对阻燃剂型氢氧化镁表面有机化改性的重要性,及在氢氧化镁制备过程中综合分析、系统研究的必要性。     

苯和甲苯在盐水溶液中活度系数及其盐效应的研究

采用紫外分光光度法测定了24.0℃时苯和甲苯在CH3COONa,(NH4)2SO4,MgSO4,Na2SO4和Na2CO3水溶液中的活度系数(f),它们的lgf-Cs关系符合Setschenow盐效应公式,计算了苯和甲苯在上述5种盐水溶液中的盐析系数。     

那棱格勒河流域及尾闾盐湖水文循环动力学模型的选择

流域水文模型的研制是水文科学中最重要的分支之一。其中包括集总式和分布式流域水文模型,分布式流域水文模型的种类很多,在我国的研究和应用比较普遍。那棱格勒河是柴达木盆地最大的一条河流,正确评价该河流的水文情况,对开发柴达木盆地盐湖资源具有十分重要的意义。应用分布式流域水文模型理论,对适用于那棱格勒河流域的水文循环动力学模型的类型进行选择,通过分析对比,选择出最适合本地区特殊条件的TOPKAPI模型,以便于探讨该地区水文循环的特点与规律,从而阐明盐湖区各类水体间的相互补给关系。     

纳滤膜分离技术及其在盐湖卤水资源开发中的应用

介绍了纳滤膜分离技术原理及其主要应用领域,结合我国盐湖卤水资源的特点与开发利用现状,提出了将纳滤膜分离技术应用于卤水资源综合利用的设想。     

Structural Evolvement of Heating Treatment of Mg/AI-LDH and Preparation of Mineral Mesoporous Materials

Although hydrotalcite, or layered double hydroxides （LDHs）, is not a common mineral, it is an important material that can be easily synthesized in laboratory. In this study, structural evolvement and BET surface area changes of heat treated Mg/AI-LDH is evaluated by XRD, TEM and N2-BET analyses. The results indicate that the magnesium-aluminum LDH with carbonate as interlayer anion, periclase-like oxides was formed at temperatures of 400-800℃. Meanwhile, 2-3 nanometer mesoporous were formed during decomposition of LDH. However, the heat treated samples still preserve the morphology of the original LDH plates. Periclase-like formed from LDH heat treatment may re-hydrolyze and recover the structure of LDH. However, crystallinity of the recovered LDH is lower than that of the original LDH. This heat treatment will result in formation of （Mg, Al）-oxide nano-crystals and nanopores among the nano-crystals. When heating temperature exceeds 1000, the periclase-like （Mg, Al）-oxide is transformed into a composite with periclase （MgO） and spinel phases. The periclase can be re-hydrolyzed and dissolved in HCl solution. After acid treatment, the sample with a high surface area is composed of spinel nano-crystals and nanopores among them. Our results will provide a new and economic way to synthesize mesoporous materials through pathways of phase transformation of precursor materials with different composition.     

T -distributed Random Fields: A Parametric Model for Heavy-tailedWell-log Data1

Histograms of observations from spatial phenomena are often found to be more heavy-tailed than Gaussian distributions, which makes the Gaussian random field model unsuited. A T-distributed random field model with heavy-tailed marginal probability density functions is defined. The model is a generalization of the familiar Student-T distribution, and it may be given a Bayesian interpretation. The increased variability appears cross-realizations, contrary to in-realizations, since all realizations are Gaussian-like with varying variance between realizations. The T-distributed random field model is analytically tractable and the conditional model is developed, which provides algorithms for conditional simulation and prediction, so-called T-kriging. The model compares favourably with most previously defined random field models. The Gaussian random field model appears as a special, limiting case of the T-distributed random field model. The model is particularly useful whenever multiple, sparsely sampled realizations of the random field are available, and is clearly favourable to the Gaussian model in this case. The properties of the T-distributed random field model is demonstrated on well log observations from the Gullfaks field in the North Sea. The predictions correspond to traditional kriging predictions, while the associated prediction variances are more representative, as they are layer specific and include uncertainty caused by using variance estimates.     

用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数

对采用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数问题进行了研究。对边坡破坏的判断标准、边坡滑面位置的确定及计算参数对安全系数计算结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，用FLAC计算时，边坡的破坏可以通过节点最大不平衡力突变、节点最大速度突变、特定点位移的不收敛等特征进行判断，同时边坡破坏的滑面也可以由速度等值线图等方法表示出来。另外，通过分析发现，弹性常数、剪胀角等参数对安全系数计算结果的影响不大。     

中国大气本底观测发展概述

中国早期的大气本底观测网建设起步于上世纪80年代初，并于10a后基本建成。目前，中国气象局、中国科学院在原有观测站的基础上各自建设和发展着自己下属的大气本底观测网络。全球大气观测网给出了一整套开展大气本底观测的技术标准，各国均予以严格遵循。20多年来，中国大气本底观测工作在基础数据积累以及观测标准制定等方面取得了较大进展，与此相关的科学研究也取得了长足进步。最后对中国大气本底观测发展过程中存在的一些问题进行了探讨。