高精度地下水示踪技术及其应用——以毛村地下河流域为例

笔者以桂林毛村岩溶地下河流域的示踪试验为例, 探索高精度地下水示踪方法在岩溶水文地质研究中的应用。实践证明, 该方法较传统示踪方法具有较大优势。试验中, 从地下河主出口回收I号示踪剂为34%, 地下水平均流速为35.3 m/h, 全部回收率约为60%~70%。示踪结果证实毛村地下河流域具有典型河间地块特征, 存在多个排泄出口, 水文地质边界较复杂; 主出口处示踪剂浓度变化呈宽域多峰, 说明具有多管道、沿途多个较大溶潭特征; II号示踪剂在所有接收点都没有收到, 其原因较为复杂和不确定。枯季部分地下水有沿西南方向断层排泄迹象, 雨季是否存在较大径流, 还需用示踪试验来证实; 流量不均衡, 排泄区可能存在潜流。     

Tremolite–calcite veins in the footwall of the Simplon Fault,Antigorio Valley,Lepontine Alps (Italy)

The lowermost units of the nappe pile of the Lepontine Alps crop out in the Antigorio valley in the footwall of the Simplon Fault. The whole orthogneiss section of the Antigorio Unit is exposed on both sides of the valley, sandwiched between the Mesozoic metasedimentary sequences of the Baceno unit below and the Tèggiolo unit above. The petrography and mineral composition of tremolite–calcite veins occurring in dolomite marble in both metasedimentary sequences were investigated. Tremolite–calcite (with lesser talc and minor phlogopite) veins have rhythmic banded texture. Banding is due to cyclic differences in modal abundances and fabric of tremolite and calcite. These veins are very similar to those occurring in dolomite rafts within the Bergell granite and it is inferred that they formed by the same “fracture-reaction-seal” mechanism. Veins formed by reaction of a silica-rich aqueous fluid with the host dolomite marble along fractures. According to thermo-barometric calculations, based on electron microprobe analyses, reaction occurred at temperatures between 450 and 490°C and minimum pressure of 2–3 kbar. Such temperature conditions occurred in this footwall region of the Simplon Fault Zone around 15 Ma, during exhumation and cooling of the nappe pile and a transition to brittle behaviour. Aqueous, silica-rich fluids concentrated along fractures, forming tremolite–calcite veins in the dolomite marbles and quartz veins in the orthogneiss.     

Model-based characterization of permeability damage control through inhibitor injection under parametric uncertainty

Computational Geosciences - Damage in subsurface formations caused by mineral precipitation decreases the porosity and permeability, eventually reducing the production rate of wells in plants...