全文获取类型
收费全文 | 608篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 28篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 7篇 |
大气科学 | 53篇 |
地球物理 | 182篇 |
地质学 | 171篇 |
海洋学 | 38篇 |
天文学 | 143篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
自然地理 | 49篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 30篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 33篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 39篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有653条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Analysis of Thomsen parameters for finely layered VTI media 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
James G. Berryman Vladimir Y. Grechka & Patricia A. Berge 《Geophysical Prospecting》1999,47(6):959-978
Since the work of Postma and Backus, much has been learned about elastic constants in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media when the anisotropy is due to fine layering of isotropic elastic materials. Nevertheless, there has continued to be some uncertainty about the possible range of Thomsen's anisotropy parameters ε and δ for such media. We use both Monte Carlo studies and detailed analysis of Backus' equations for both two- and three-component layered media to establish the results presented. We show that ε lies in the range ?3/8 ε ½[〈v2p〉〈v?2p〉?1], for finely layered media; smaller positive and all negative values of ε occur for media with large fluctuations in the Lamé parameter λ in the component layers. We show that δ can also be either positive or negative, and that for constant density media, sign (δ) = sign (〈v?2p〉 ? 〈v?2s〉〈v2s/v2p〉). Monte Carlo simulations show that among all theoretically possible random media, positive and negative δ are equally likely in finely layered media. (Of course, the δs associated with real earth materials may span some smaller subset of those that are theoretically possible, but answering this important question is beyond our present scope.) Layered media having large fluctuations in λ are those most likely to have positive δ. This is somewhat surprising since ε is often negative or a small positive number for such media, and we have the general constraint that ε ? δ > 0 for layered VTI media. Since Gassmann's results for fluid-saturated porous media show that the mechanical effects of fluids influence only the Lamé parameter λ, not the shear modulus μ, these results suggest that small positive δ occurring together with small positive ε (but somewhat larger than δ) may be indicative of changing fluid content in a layered earth. 相似文献
82.
An avenue to integrate theoretical, experimental and field research methods to forecast water quality in water bodies for different scenarios of water management is proposed. Exploration of the laws of organization, stability and controllability of laboratory "ideal" water microbial communities (model ecosystems) is the basis to build the following biophysical research chain:to formalize with primary field information a conceptual block-diagram of a water ecosystem →to real chemical and other density-dependent and population-growth-controlling factors → to find our limiting factors for natural ecosystems → to conduct experiments with isolated chemical factors and hydrobionts to derive kinetic dependencies and quantitative parameters→ to transfer regularities of operation and kinetic dependencies to the natural ecosystem→ retrospective verification of the model on the base of available field and derived theoretical-experimental data →prognostic calculations for the scenario. Efficiency of the approach is demonstrated in microalgal "blooming" models for Krasnoyarsk and Kantat reservoirs and in prognostication of radioecological state of great Yenisei river:1) radionuclide distribution in the Yenisei''s bottom sediment is nonuniform-"spotty"; 2) it is theoretically shown, that due to biological interactions and tro-phical radioniclide migration there is "spotive" type of space radionuclide distribution. The research is to make use of the novel methods of ecological biophysics:Monitoring:spectral analysis of surface waters (algal pigments), fluorescent techniques to evaluate productivity and condition of algae; rapid bioassays for water toxicity (bioluminescence, chemotaxis techniques). Kinetic experiments:microcosms on evaluating self-purification rates; special cultivators to evaluate the rates of growth of hydrobionts and radioactive engulfing, nutrition spectra; methods of finding growth limiting factors. Models:application of Bellman Principle to optimizing the river water use; theory and peculiarities of microbiological decomposition of pollutants in the river ecosystem. The composition of Prognostication Simulation Model is the next:1) hydrodynamical unit to calculate 2-dimensional space-time rate of stream on any depth; 2) hydrophysical unit to calculate:water temperature and level of solar radiation inside the water body; 3) ecosystem unit to calculate dynamic of concentration of phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, major chemical matters and pollutants in water, content pollutants inside of hydrobionfs cells and dynamic of bentos; 4) radioe-cological unit to forecast the dynamic of radionuclides in the water body and bottom, their hydro-bont''s concentration; 5) database. Reservoirs and river models are provided by monitoring and kinetic experiments data. 相似文献
83.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Casing Effect in Onshore Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Surveys
Vladimir Puzyrev Eloi Vilamajo Pilar Queralt Juanjo Ledo Alex Marcuello 《Surveys in Geophysics》2017,38(2):527-545
The presence of steel-cased wells and other infrastructure causes a significant change in the electromagnetic fields that has to be taken into consideration in modeling and interpretation of field data. A realistic and accurate simulation requires the borehole casing to be incorporated into the modeling scheme, which is numerically challenging. Due to the huge conductivity contrast between the casing and surrounding media, a spatial discretization that provides accurate results at different spatial scales ranging from millimeters to hundreds of meters is required. In this paper, we present a full 3D frequency-domain electromagnetic modeling based on a parallel finite-difference algorithm considering the casing effect and investigate its applicability on the borehole-to-surface configuration of the Hontomín CO2 storage site. To guarantee a robust solution of linear systems with highly ill-conditioned matrices caused by huge conductivity contrasts and multiple spatial scales in the model, we employ direct sparse solvers. Different scenarios are simulated in order to study the influence of the source position, conductivity model, and the effect of the steel casing on the measured data. Several approximations of the real hollow casing that allow for a large reduction in the number of elements in the resulting meshes are studied. A good agreement between the modeled responses and the real field data demonstrates the feasibility of simulating casing effects in complex geological areas. The steel casing of the well greatly increases the amplitude of the surface electromagnetic fields and thus improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity to deep targets. 相似文献
84.
Rock displacement and thermal expansion study at historic heritage sites in Slovakia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan Vlcko Vladimir Greif Vladimir Grof Michal Jezny Lubomir Petro Martin Brcek 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(8):1727-1740
The paper discusses the results of the research devoted to the preservation of cultural heritage carried out within last two
decades in Slovakia. The aim of the study depended on monitoring of selected castle rocks showing instability problems due
to extremely slow displacements of creep character. Apart from traditional methods of investigation at one test site (Spis
Castle), authors implemented in their work the study of thermal expansion of the rocks as a result of seasonal periodic temperature
changes having potential influence on displacements and numerical modeling in order to understand better the landslide failure
mechanism. The results obtained from all study sites confirmed that even slow movements have to be implemented into preservation
and stabilization works in order to safeguard the sites of great historic value. 相似文献
85.
We developed kinetic theory for the charging processes of small dust grains near the lunar surface due to interaction with the anisotropic solar wind plasma. Once charged, these dust grains, which are exposed to the electric field in the sheath region near the lunar surface, could loft and distribute around such heights off the surface where they reach equilibrium with the local gravitational force. Analytical solutions were derived for the charging time, grain floating potential, and grain charge, characterizing the charging processes of small dust grains in a two-component and in a multi-component solar wind plasma, and further highlighting the unique features presented by the high streaming plasma velocity. We have also formulated a novel kinetic theory of sheath formation around an absorbing planar surface immersed in the anisotropic solar wind plasma in the case of a negligible photoelectric effect and presented solutions for the sheath structure. In this study we combined the results from these analyses and provided estimates for the size distribution function of dust that is expected to be lofted in regions dominated by the solar wind plasma, such as near the terminator and in nearby shadowed craters. Corresponding to the two dominant streaming velocity peaks of 300 and 800 km/s, mean dust diameters of 500 and 350 nm, respectively, are expected to be found at equilibrium at heights of relevance to exploration operations, e.g., around 1.5 m height off the lunar surface. In shadowed craters near the terminator region, where isotropic plasma should be dominating, we estimate mean lofted dust diameter of 800 nm around the same 1.5 m height off the lunar surface. The generally applicable solutions could be used to readily calculate the expected lofted size distribution near the lunar surface as a function of plasma parameters, dust grain composition, and other parameters of interest. 相似文献
86.
87.
Victor P. Yakushev Vladimir V. Karelin Vladimir M. Bure Elena M. Parilina 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(6):1671-1677
Problem of soil acidity regularization is modeled as stochastic adaptive control problem with a linear difference equation of the dynamics of a field pH level. Stochastic component in the equation represents an individual time variability of soil acidity of an elementary section. We use Bayesian approach to determine a posteriori probability density function of the unknown parameters of the stochastic transition process. The Kullback–Leibler information divergence is used as a measure of difference between true distribution and its estimation. Algorithm for the construction of an adaptive stabilizing control in such a linear control system is proposed in the paper. Numerical realization of the algorithm is represented for a problem of a field soil acidity control. 相似文献
88.
89.
Mineralogy and Petrology - Contemporary mineralogy and geochemistry are concerned with understanding and deciphering processes that occur near the surface of the Earth. These processes are... 相似文献
90.
Using a set of synthetic P‐ and S‐wave onsets, computed in a 1D medium model from sources that mimic a distribution of microseismic events induced by hydrofrac treatment to a monitoring geophone array(s), we test the possibility to invert back jointly the model and events location. We use the Neighbourhood algorithm for data inversion to account for non‐linear effects of velocity model and grid search for event location. The velocity model used is composed of homogeneous layers, derived from sonic logging. Results for the case of one and two monitoring wells are compared. These results show that the velocity model can be obtained in the case of two monitoring wells, if they have optimal relative position. The use of one monitoring well fails due to the trade‐off between the velocity model and event locations. 相似文献