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31.
32.
Sergei B. Gulin Yuriy G. Artemov Viktor N. Egorov Dmitriy B. Evtushenko 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(4):319-324
Multibeam bathymetric surveys and single-beam profiles were collected in 2003–2010 from aboard the Ukrainian RV Professor Vodyanitskiy (cruises PV-58 and PV-60, 2003 and 2004), and the German RV Meteor (cruise M-72, legs 1 and 4, 2007) and RV Maria S. Merian (cruise MSM-15, leg 2, 2010) along the continental margin of the NW Black Sea. Integrating published, reprocessed and novel data has revealed the existence of a major continuous channel extending from the Dnepr paleo-delta into greater water depths. It is more than 90 km long, 1.1 km wide and up to 125 m deep. On the upper slope (120–960 m water depth), a number of smaller channels merge into the large, Y-shaped Dnepr Canyon, which then continues obliquely downslope via this submarine channel to at least 1,815 m water depth off the Crimean continental margin, NW Black Sea. The channel could be an important, hitherto unknown link between the shallow oxic and deep anoxic environments of the Black Sea, along which sediment and organic matter could be funneled into the deep-sea basin. This would have far-reaching implications for investigations dealing with marine geology and biology, climate change, as well as oil and natural gas exploitation. The unusual alignment of the channel along the margin of the basin, as well as the location and mode of channel termination in deeper waters deserve future research. 相似文献
33.
Diana Jordanova Petar Petrov Viktor Hoffmann Tilman Gocht Cristian Panaiotu Tsenka Tsacheva Neli Jordanova 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2010,54(3):417-442
Detailed magnetic study on vegetation samples from several strongly polluted and clean sites in Bulgaria is carried out in
order to evaluate suitability of different species as passive dust collectors in magnetometry. From each location, available
species among lichens, mosses, poplar leaves, dandelion, needles have been sampled. Magnetic susceptibility calculated on
mass-specific basis shows wide variability between diamagnetic signal up to 846 × 10−8 m3/kg. Lichens and mosses are found to be the species, showing magnetic signals with the strongest contrast between clean and
polluted environment. The main magnetic phase is magnetite-like according to the results from thermomagnetic analysis of susceptibility
on magnetic extracts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microphotographs reveal the presence of abundant particulate matter
on vegetation surface both with anthropogenic (spherules) and lithogenic origin. Magnetic grain size deduced by the ratio
of saturation remanent magnetization (SIRM) and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and coercivities (Bc and Bcr) suggest that different species accumulate preferentially small SD-like grains from pollution emissions. Contrasting relationship
of the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and χ for polluted vs clean sites deduced by needles and lichens
may be related to transformation of the accumulated dust particles within lichens’ tissue. This finding indicates that the
exact species used as biological dust collector is of importance when studying spatial grain size distribution of magnetic
dust particles. Pilot study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content and its relation to magnetic parameters shows
good correspondence between high levels of PAHs and high SIRM values for locations affected by non-ferrous industrial production. 相似文献
34.
Yuri A. Bazlov Viktor F. Galazin Boris L. Kaplan Valery G. Maksimov Vladimir P. Rogozin 《GPS Solutions》1999,3(1):13-16
The 29th Research Institute recently published its latest transformation parameters for WGS and PZ 90. Because these tranformation
parameter estimates were derived from stations located within Russia, variance-covariance propagation was carried out to study
the benefits of a better global distribution of stations. An example that includes two stations in North America is presented.
The transformation improves significantly. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
35.
The exact quantitative estimation of hailstorm precipitation intensity, allowing determining successfully the crop hail damage, is extremely necessary while carrying out of programs of experimental researches of the hail clouds as well as at realization of operative projects on hail suppression. On the other hand, the possibility of obtaining a trustworthy information about changes of hailfall intensity during cloud seeding operations enables to judge more objectively about seeding effect and to make a decision about its beginning and termination. Just because of such a parameter, the kinetic energy of hailfalls presents a great interest for the researchers. As it is known, measuring the kinetic energy of hailfalls is carried out both directly by ground network of hailpads, and by radar methods. The accuracy of the radar methods of the hail kinetic energy measurement strongly depends not only on the choice of an optimum formula for calculation but also on the algorithm used for separating hail and rain parts of radar echo and on the way it was used in the hail–rain mixture zone of precipitation.The method of calculating the kinetic energy of the hailfalls, based on empirical dependence of hail probability Ph on a height of a zone of a radar echo with a reflectivity of 45 dBZ above a level of zero isotherm ΔH45, is offered in the given work. The algorithm of separating hail and rain parts of a radar echo and the way it was applied in a hail–rain mixture zone is described. The examples of hail streaks in contours of radar reflectivity and in isopleths of hail kinetic energy obtained using the given algorithm are shown.In Mendoza province (Argentina), a hail suppression project (1993–1997) for the analysis of the vertical structure of a radar echo with Zmax > 45 dBZ, such new parameter is an integral altitude, was used. This dimensionless parameter is most sensitive to such a condition of radar echo when all four contours of increased reflectivity Z45, Z55, Z65, and Z75 synchronously reach the maximal values. The analysis of time distributions of the main radar parameters of hailstorms on a background of values of integral altitude is resulted. It is shown that local hailfall maximum intensities on the ground are observed after the achievement of maximum integral altitude with a certain delay. It enables to predict zones of the greatest hail damage in a mode of radar observation. 相似文献
36.
Stratal composition and stratigraphic organization of stratal elements in an ancient deep‐marine basin‐floor succession,Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup,British Columbia,Canada 下载免费PDF全文
Despite a globally growing seismic and outcrop analogue data set, the detailed (centimetre to decametre) internal stratal make up of deep‐marine basin‐floor ‘channelized‐lobe’ strata remain poorly known. An ancient analogue for modern, mixed‐sediment, passive margin, deep‐marine basin‐floor fans is the well‐preserved Neoproterozoic Upper and Middle Kaza groups in the southern Canadian Cordillera. This succession is a few kilometres thick and comprises six sedimentary facies representing deposition from different kinds of sediment‐gravity flows. Representative lateral and vertical assemblages of one or more of these facies comprise six stratal elements, including: isolated scours, avulsion splays, feeder channels, distributary channels, terminal splays, and distal and off‐axis fine‐grained turbidite units. The internal characteristics of the various stratal elements do not differ from more distal to more proximal settings, but the relative abundance of the various stratal elements does. The difference in relative abundance of stratal elements in the kilometre‐scale stratigraphy of the Kaza Group results in a systematic upward change in architecture. The systematic arrangement of the stratal elements within the interpreted larger bodies, or lobes, and then lobes within the basin‐floor fan, suggests a hierarchical organization. In this article a hierarchy is proposed that is based on avulsion but, also importantly, the location of avulsion. The proposed avulsion‐based hierarchical scheme will be a useful tool to bridge the scalar gap between outcrop and seismic studies by providing a single stratigraphic framework and terminology for basin‐floor stratal elements. 相似文献
37.
Dieter Pudlo Viktor Reitenbach Daniel Albrecht Leonhard Ganzer Ulrich Gernert Joachim Wienand Bernd Kohlhepp Reinhard Gaupp 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(2):369-384
In the framework of the German R&D joint project CLEAN (CO2 large-scale enhanced gas recovery in the Altmark natural gas field), Rotliegend reservoir sandstones of the Altensalzwedel block in the Altmark area (Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany) have been studied to characterise litho- and diagenetic facies, mineral content, geochemical composition, and petrophysical properties. These sands have been deposited in a playa environment dominated by aeolian dunes, dry to wet sand flats and fluvial channel fills. The sediments exhibit distinct mineralogical, geochemical, and petrophysical features related to litho- and diagenetic facies types. In sandstones of the damp to wet sandflats, their pristine red colours are preserved and porosity and permeability are only low. Rocks of the aeolian environment and most of the channel fill deposits are preferentially bleached and exhibit moderate to high porosity and permeability. Although geochemical element whole rock content in these rocks is very similar, element correlations are different. Variations in porosity and permeability are mainly due to calcite and anhydrite dissolution and differences in clay coatings with Fe-bearing illitic-chloritic composition exposed to the pore space. Moreover, mineral dissolution patterns as well as compositions (of clays and carbonate) and morphotypes of authigenic minerals (chlorite, illite) are different in red and bleached rocks. Comparison of the geochemical composition and mineralogical features of diagenetically altered sandstones and samples exposed to CO2-bearing fluids in laboratory batch experiments exhibit similar character. Experiments prove an increase in wettability and water binding capacity during CO2 impact. 相似文献
38.
Pierre ROCHETTE Jr
me GATTACCECA Vincent CHEVRIER Viktor HOFFMANN Jean‐Pierre LORAND Minoru FUNAKI Rupert HOCHLEITNER 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2005,40(4):529-540
Abstract— Magnetic properties of 26 (of 32) unpaired Martian meteorites (SNCs) are synthesized to further constrain the lithology carrying Martian magnetic crustal sources. Magnetic properties of ultramafic cumulates (i.e., Chassigny, Allan Hills [ALH] 84001) and lherzolitic shergottites (ALH 77005, Lewis Cliff [LEW] 88516) are one or two orders of magnitude too weak to account for the crustal magnetizations, assuming magnetization in an Earth‐like field. Nakhlites and some basaltic shergottites, which are the most magnetic SNCs, show the right intensity. Titanomagnetite is the magnetic carrier in the nakhlites (7 meteorites), whereas in most basaltic shergottites (11 meteorites) it is pyrrhotite. Dhofar (Dho) 378, Los Angeles, and NWA 480/1460 and 2046 are anomalous basaltic shergottites, as their magnetism is mainly due to titanomagnetite. Pyrrhotite should be among the candidate minerals for the magnetized Noachian crust. 相似文献
39.
Oscillations of magnetic flux tubes are of great importance as they contain information about the geometry and fine structure
of the flux tubes. Here we derive and analytically solve in terms of Kummer’s functions the linear governing equations of
wave propagation for sausage surface and body modes (m=0) of a magnetically twisted compressible flux tube embedded in a compressible uniformly magnetized plasma environment in cylindrical geometry. A general dispersion relation is obtained for such flux
tubes. Numerical solutions for the phase velocity are obtained for a wide range of wavenumbers and for varying magnetic twist.
The effect of magnetic twist on the period of oscillations of sausage surface modes for different values of the wavenumber
and vertical magnetic field strength is calculated for representative photospheric and coronal conditions. These results generalize
and extend previous studies of MHD waves obtained for incompressible or for compressible but nontwisted flux tubes. It is
found that magnetic twist may change the period of sausage surface waves of the order of a few percent when compared to counterparts
in straight nontwisted flux tubes. This information will be most relevant when high-resolution observations are used for diagnostic
exploration of MHD wave guides in analogy to solar-interior studies by means of global eigenoscillations in helioseismology. 相似文献
40.