Next Generation Space Gravimetry: Scientific Tasks,Concepts, and Realization

Astronomy Reports - A review of the achievements of space geodesy in the 21st century, represented by the successful realization of the CHAMP, GOCE, and GRACE missions, is presented. The main...     

Determining ammonia nitrogen decay rate of Malaysian river water in a laboratory flume

There is lack of information regarding ammonia nitrogen (AN), (i.e. NH₃-N) decay rate of river water in tropical regions like Malaysia. AN decay rate is a very important kinetic parameter to estimate NH₃-N, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) and dissolved oxygen concentrations of river water by using computer models. This study presents determination of ammonia nitrogen decay rate of river water in the tropical environment of Malaysia. A laboratory flume was used to conduct twelve experiments. The flume was used to represent the turbulent condition of a typical river. Ammonia nitrogen decay rate for the tropical environment of Malaysia was observed to be between 0.194 and 0.554 per day. Median value of AN decay rate was 0.26 per day, which is slightly lower than the global median value of 0.295 per day. To check the accuracy of flume experiments, the AN decay rate of Pusu River obtained from the flume experiment was used to calibrate and validate ammonia nitrogen concentration of the river by using water quality analysis and simulation program (WASP). Very good calibration and validation results were achieved, which substantiated the accuracy of the flume experiments.     

Tectonic Position of the South Anyui Suture

Geotectonics - The South Anyui Fold System was formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous at the site of a closed oceanic basin as a result of the collision of the Chukotka microcontinent with the...     

Confusion Noise Sources in the Infrared Wavelength Range

Astronomy Reports - Within the framework of the model of the extragalactic background created earlier by the authors, the factors influencing the statistical properties of the confusion noise have...     

Methodology of Environmental Standardization for Natural Waters

Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper discusses sources of significant errors that occur in the course of determination of the primary environmental standard for natural waters: the maximum...     

Resistance of Enzymes to Ionizing Radiation under Model Conditions of the Martian Regolith

Solar System Research - Ionizing radiation is one of the main factors that destroy biomolecules in extraterrestrial conditions. The effects of radiation depend on the conditions of the exposure...     

Limb darkening effect included in a simple formula for solar energy flux

It is proposed a formula for the solar energy flux including the limb darkening effect and beeing valid at any distance from the Sun.     

Digital Elevation Models of the Bottom in the Operational Oceanography System

Oceanology - A new area of oceanography, operational oceanography, involves a comprehensive assessment and forecast of the variability of the state of the marine environment. This requires...