Based on an analysis of the catalog of magnetic fields, we have investigated the statistical properties of the mean magnetic
fields for OB stars. We show that the mean effective magnetic field B of a star can be used as a statistically significant characteristic of its magnetic field. No correlation has been found
between the mean magnetic field strength B and projected rotational velocity of OB stars, which is consistent with the hypothesis about a fossil origin of the magnetic
field. We have constructed the magnetic field distribution function for B stars, F(B), that has a power-law dependence on B with an exponent of ≈−1.82. We have found a sharp decrease in the function F(B) for B ⩽ 400 G that may be related to rapid dissipation of weak stellar surface magnetic fields. 相似文献
We briefly review recent developments in black hole accretion disk theory, emphasizing the vital role played by magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) stresses in transporting angular momentum. The apparent universality of accretion-related outflow phenomena is a strong
indicator that large-scale MHD torques facilitate vertical transport of angular momentum. This leads to an enhanced overall
rate of angular momentum transport and allows accretion of matter to proceed at an interesting rate. Furthermore, we argue
that when vertical transport is important, the radial structure of the accretion disk is modified at small radii and this
affects the disk emission spectrum. We present a simple model demonstrating how energetic, magnetically-driven outflows modify
the emergent disk emission spectrum with respect to that predicted by standard accretion disk theory. A comparison of the
predicted spectra against observations of quasar spectral energy distributions suggests that mass accretion rates inferred
using the standard disk model may be severely underestimated. 相似文献
The progressive rotation from the limb onto the disk of a long-lived cluster of coaligned Hα spicules was observed at high spatial resolution on the fringe of a large complex of activity. Although individual spicules were steadily changing, the organized cluster appeared consistently suspended above the photospheric limb when viewed in the wings of Hα (|Δλ| ≈ 0.9 Å). The phenomenon is the counterpart near an active region of the dark band discovered in the quiet low chromosphere by Loughhead (1969). But in the present circumstances the effect is perceived as a weakening of emission, i.e. as a gap rather than an obscuration. The initial gap between the off-band spicules and the photospheric limb narrowed and closed in about 4 h. A day later, the cluster of spicules could be identified at the same wavelength with a cluster of elongated dark mottles, similarly coaligned; they were adjacent to, but not in contact with, a foreshortened patch of faculae. The persistence of the gap in this cluster, and its occurrence in isolated spicules reported here in quiet regions, imply that the phenomenon is an inherent property of spicules. It is proposed that the gap results from a spicule-generating process initiated above the temperature minimum. 相似文献
Observations and light curves of the variable star AM Her observed in the b and v proper color system of the Abastumani two-channel photometer are presented. 相似文献
Polarimetric observations of the moon have been carried out at λeff = 0.48 and 0.63 μm using the 50 cm telescope of the Maidanak (Middle Asia) observatory. Imaging has been performed using
a Canon-350D camera with a CMOS array and rotating polaroid. The investigation covered the north-western part of the lunar
disk comprising the northern part of Ocean Procellarum and obtained the images representing the albedo, polarization degree, color index, and polarimetric color ratio at a phase
angle of 96°. It is the first time that the latter parameter has been imaged with a resolution of approximately 1 km. Its
pattern has proved to resemble that of the color index, although some important differences can be seen. This shows that spectropolarimetric
observations of the moon can give new information on the composition and optical properties of the lunar regolith. 相似文献
Using ground-based cosmic-ray (CR) observations on the worldwide network of neutron monitors, we have studied the variations in CR rigidity spectrum, anisotropy, and planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidities during Forbush decreases in March-April 2001 by the global spectrographic method. By jointly analyzing ground-based and satellite measurements, we have determined the parameters of the CR rigidity spectrum that reflect the electromagnetic characteristics of the heliospheric fields in each hour of observations within the framework of the model of CR modulation by the heliosphere’s regular electromagnetic fields. The rigidity spectra of the variations and the relative changes in the intensity of CRs with rigidities of 4 and 10 GV in the solar-ecliptic geocentric coordinate system are presented in specific periods of the investigated events. 相似文献
The distribution of heat flow in the North Pacific Ocean has been examined, and a map of geothermal and geomagnetic fields for the Bering Sea as it is known today has been made. Reliable data are lacking regarding the time of origin for features of oceanic and continental genesis in the Bering Sea, which is an obstacle to the study of geodynamic processes in the North Pacific. Heat flow data were used to yield numerical estimates for the age of seafloor features in the Bering Sea: the Kamchatka Basin (21 Ma), Shirshov Ridge (95 Ma for the northern part and 33 Ma for the southern), the Aleutian Basin (70 Ma), Vitus Rise (44 Ma), Bowers Ridge (30 Ma), and Bowers Basin (40 Ma). These age estimates are corroborated by combined geological, geophysical, and plate kinematic data. A thermochemical model of global mantle convection has been developed in order to perform a numerical simulation of the thermal process involved in the generation of extended regional features in the North Pacific (the Emperor Fracture Zone, Chinook Trough, etc.). The modeling suggests a plume-tectonic origin for these features, yielding the optimal model for the tectonic evolution of the North Pacific. An integrated geological and geothermal analysis leads to the conclusion that the northern and southern parts of the Shirshov Ridge are different, not only in geologic age, but also in tectonic structure. The northern part is of imbricated-thrust terrane origin, while the southern part is of ensimatic island-arc origin, similar to that of Bowers Ridge. The seafloor of the Aleutian Basin is an outlier of the Upper Cretaceous Kula plate where, in the Vitus Rise area, backarc spreading processes originated during Eocene time. The terminating phase of activity in the Bering Sea began about 21 Ma by spreading in the older seafloor of the Kamchatka Basin. We developed plate-tectonic reconstructions of evolution for the North Pacific for the times 21, 33, 40, and 70 Ma in the hotspot system based on age estimates for the seafloor features derived from heat flow data and modeling of the thermal generation of regional faults, as well as on an analysis of geomagnetic, tectonic, and geological data. 相似文献
This paper presents a dendroclimatic analysis of Siberian larch trees sampled along a latitudinal 260-km transect located in the Polar Urals,Russia. Three standardised chronologies were built over a length of 230–293 years using 79 individual tree-ring chronologies collected in the southern,middle and northern parts of the Polar Urals.Bootstrapped correlation functions showed that the annual growth of the larches was mainly influenced by the air temperatures in June and July. The relative role of the temperatures increased from south to north. Daily air temperature data analysis revealed that the duration of the growing season in the northern part of the Polar Urals is 24 days less than that in the southern part. At the present time, air temperatures exceeded threshold of 8~℃, 5 days earlier than it did in the beginning of the 20 th century In response to the increase in the duration of the growing season and the changing winter conditions in the Polar Urals over the last 130 years, radial growth–temperature relationships in larches have weakened;this effect was strongly pronounced in the southern part of the Polar Urals. 相似文献
Abundant spinel peridotite xenoliths occur in late Cenozoic alkali basaltic rocks in the Sikhote-Alin region at the Pacific margin of the Asian continent. Major- and trace-element compositions of representative peridotite xenolith are documented for four occurrences located in different structural units of the continental margin. In each locality, the majority of xenoliths have distinctive microstructures, modal and chemical compositions that are typical for a given xenolith suite. Significant textural and compositional differences between the four xenolith suites suggest that the upper mantle beneath the Sikhote-Alin consists of distinct domains with contrasting composition. The inferred large-scale mantle heterogeneities may be due to juxtaposition of lithospheric blocks of different provenance during accretion of the Sikhote-Alin to the Asian continent.
Trace-element patterns of the xenoliths and their minerals obtained ICP-MS technique provide evidence of depletion and enrichment events and indicate contrasting behaviour of REE, HFSE and other incompatible trace elements. The HFSE behave non-concordantly, in particular, some xenoliths have highly fractionated Zr/Hf, Ti/Zr, Nb/Ta, La/Nb and U/Th ratios relative to their values in the primitive mantle. The fractionated compositions may be related to the interaction of evolved subduction-related fluids and melts with lithospheric mantle at the Mesozoic-early Cenozoic active continental margin or to metasomatism during later continental rifting. 相似文献