Methods of Hierarchical Control of Water Quality Taking into Account Manipulations of the Center and Countermoves of Enterprises

Methods of hierarchical control including manipulations of a Center and the countermove of enterprises are considered using as an example a dynamic two-level model of river water quality control in the presence of point pollution sources and in the absence of nonpoint sources.     

Geochronological evidence for late‐Grenvillian magmatic and metamorphic events in central Taimyr,northern Siberia*

U–Th–Pb analyses of zircons from six granites and one metasediment collected in the accretionary Central belt of Taimyr, Arctic Siberia, demonstrate that Neoproterozoic (c. 900 Ma) granites intrude late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. This is the first time in the Mamont–Shrenk region that Neoproterozoic ages have been recognized for these lithologies, previously thought to be Archaean/Palaeoproterozoic in age. The Mamont–Shrenk Terrane (MST) represents a Grenvillian age (micro?) continent intercalated with younger Neoproterozoic ophiolites during thrusting and accreted to the northern margin of the Siberian craton sometime before the late Vendian. Basement to the MST may have been derived from the Grenvillian belt of east Greenland. Viable tectonic reconstructions must allow for an active margin along northern Siberia (modern day coordinates) in the middle Neoproterozoic.     

Kinematic wave modelling in water resources: a historical perspective

The history of the kinematic wave theory and its applications in water resources are traced. It is shown that the theory has found its niche in water resources and its applications are so widespread that they may well constitute what may be termed ‘kinematic wave hydrology’. Few theories have been applied in hydrology and water resources as extensively as the kinematic wave theory. This theory, however, is not without limitations and when it is applied they must be so recognized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is IRAS 03134 + 5958 a Herbig-Haro object?

The source IRAS 03134 + 5958 identified by Iyengar & Verma (1984) on the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) prints with a nonstellar optical object with [P – R]≃ 5.3 ± 1.5 is near the edge of Lynds dark cloud No. 1384 and is either embedded in or behind the cloud. The galactic latitude of this source (b ^II = 2‡.3), its positionvis-a-vis the Lynds dark cloud, its nonstellar appearance, high [P – R] colour and its far-infrared spectrum, all suggest the possibility of its being a Herbig-Haro (HH) object. To test this possibility we undertook measurements of its proper motion and variability (two of the characteristic properties of HH objects). These yield μ_a = (3.6 ± 2.3) arcsec/century and μ_δ= (−1.2 ± 2.0) arcsec/century for its proper motion. The source reveals large variation in brightness between 1950 and 1954. Optical line studies of the source are required to confirm its classification as an HH object.     

BATSE/OSSE rapid burst response

The BATSE and OSSE instrument teams have modified flight software to promptly (within 2 min of trigger) slew the OSSE detectors to burst locations determined on-board by BATSE. This enables OSSE to make sensitive searches for prompt and delayed post-burst line and continuum emission above 50 keV. In the best cases our sensitivity will be more than an order of magnitude better than any other search in this energy range. We expect to slew to 1–2 bursts per month, based on the OSSE FOV and BATSE event rate. Detections or limits from continued operation of this system may provide significant constraints on burst models. As an example of the observations made using this system, we present preliminary limits for post-burst emission from GRB 950223 on several time scales.     

The Relationship of Green-Line Transients to White-Light Coronal Mass Ejections

We report observations by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the SOHO spacecraft of three coronal green-line transients that could be clearly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected in Thomson-scattered white light. Two of these events, with speeds >25 km s^-1, may be classified as ‘whip-like’ transients. They are associated with the core of the white-light CMEs, identified with erupting prominence material, rather than with the leading edge of the CMEs. The third green-line transient has a markedly different appearance and is more gradual than the other two, with a projected outward speed <10 km s^-1. This event corresponds to the leading edge of a ‘streamer blowout’ type of CME. A dark void is left behind in the emission-line corona following each of the fast eruptions. Both fast emission-line transients start off as a loop structure rising up from close to the solar surface. We suggest that the driving mechanism for these events may be the emergence of new bipolar magnetic regions on the surface of the Sun, which destabilize the ambient corona and cause an eruption. The possible relationship of these events to recent X-ray observations of CMEs is briefly discussed. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004981125702     

A kinetic model of gas flow in a porous cometary mantle

A numerical study of gas flow through a porous cometary mantle is presented. A kinetic model based on the well-known Test Particle Monte Carlo Method for the solution of rarefied gas dynamics problems is proposed. The physical model consists of two spatial plane regions: the condensed ice phase and a porous dust mantle. The structure of the porous dust layer is described as a bundle of cylindrical inclined channels not crossing each other. A vertical temperature gradient may exist across the dust mantle. The aim is to investigate how the characteristics of molecular flow depend on the capillary length, inclination angle, and temperature gradient. Examples illustrating a significant deviation of some results from equilibrium values are shown. In particular, the gas velocity distribution at both ends of the pore is strongly non-Maxwellian if there is an important temperature contrast across the pore. The emergent gas flow rate is found to vary with the pore length/radius ratio in excellent agreement with Clausing's empirical formula. The degree of collimation of the flow is quantitatively studied as a function of the length/radius ratio, and consequences for the jet force of outgassing through a dust mantle or, indeed, a rough surface are estimated.     

Simultaneous five color (UBVRI) polarimetry of EF Eri

We present the first observations of the AM Her type object EF Eri where both the polarization and the photometric data are recorded simultaneously in five color bands (UBVRI). The position angle rotates strongly (30°) vs. wavelength from U to I, probably due to Faraday rotation or due to fact that the polarized radiation seen in the different wavelength bands comes from different parts of the accretion region. The phase dependence of the position angle requires field and accretion geometry more complicated than a simple centered dipole and a second emitting region producing weaker intermediate pulses in the infrared seems to be present. We derive the value of the inclination of the system i=55°±5°, the colatitude of the active pole ₁,= 38° ±5° and the second emitting region = 115° ± 5°, both of which are nearly at the same longitude facing the main accretion stream.Based on observations made at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile.Paper presented at the IAU Colloquium No. 93 on Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, held at Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, F.R.G., 16–19 June, 1986.     

The masers of E-type methanol in orion KL and SGR B2

Using a simplified model the statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer equations of E-type-CH₃OH are solved for Orion KL and SgrB2. According to our calculation results and the observation data taken by Matsakiset al. (1980) and Morimotoet al. (1985a, b), the physical conditions of both sources are estimated. In theJ ₂-J ₁ E methanol maser region of Orion KL, the density, kinetic temperature, dust temperature, and the fractional abundance are 0.8–2×10⁶ cm^–3, 150, 30–90 K, 0.8–8×10^–6. In the 4_–1-3₀ E and 5_–1-4₀ E methanol maser region of Sgr B2 the correspondance physical conditions above are 10⁴ cm³, 45, 23 K, and 7×10^–7, respectively.