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71.
72.
Růžek Bohuslav Zedník Jan Klíma Karel Ruprechtová Libuše 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(2):175-187
The routine location of regional seismic events using data from the Czech National Seismological Network (CNSN) is based on Pn, Pg, Sn, Sg phases. A simple velocity model derived from Kárník's (1953) interpretation of an earthquake in Northern Hungary in 1951 has hitherto been used. At present, numerous local seismic networks record and locate local events, which are occasionally recorded at regional distances as well. Due to the relatively small dimensions of local networks, hypocenters (and origin times) determined by a local network might be considered as nearly exact from the point of view of regional-scale CNSN. The comparison of common locations performed by CNSN and by a local network enables us to estimate the accuracy of CNSN locations, as well as to optimize a simple velocity model. The joint interpretation of the CNSN bulletin and the catalogues of four local seismic networks WEBNET, OSTRAVA, KLADNO and LUBIN produced a new ID velocity model. The most frequent epicentral error in this model is less than 5 km, and most foci lie up to 15 km from the true position. The performed analysis indicates bimodal distribution of Sn residuals. 相似文献
73.
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75.
We discuss the potential variations of the biological pump that can be expected from a change in the oceanic circulation
in the ongoing global warming. The biogeochemical model is based on the assumption of a perfect stoichiometric composition
(Redfield ratios) of organic material. Upwelling nutrients are transformed into organic particles that sink to the deep ocean
according to observed profiles. The physical circulation model is driven by the warming pattern as derived from scenario computations
of a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The amplitude of the warming is determined from the varying concentration of atmospheric
CO2. The model predicts a pronounced weakening of the thermohaline overturning. This is connected with a reduction of the transient
uptake capacity of the ocean. It yields also a more effective removal of organic material from the surface which partly compensates
the physical effects of solubility. Both effects are rather marginal for the evolution of atmospheric pCO2. Running climate models and carbon cycle models separately seems to be justified.
Received: 9 August 1995 / Accepted: 22 April 1996 相似文献
76.
While cap dolostones are integral to the Snowball Earth hypothesis, the current depositional model does not account for multiple geological observations. Here we propose a model that rationalises palaeomagnetic, sequence‐stratigraphic and sedimentological data and supports rapid deglaciation with protracted cap dolostone precipitation. The Snowball Earth hypothesis posits that a runaway ice‐albedo can explain the climate paradox of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits occurring at low palaeolatitudes. This scenario invokes volcanic degassing to increase atmospheric greenhouse gases to a critical threshold that overcomes the albedo effect and brings the planet back from the ice‐covered state. Once this occurs, Earth should shift rapidly from a snowball to an extreme greenhouse. However, cap dolostone units overlying glacial sediments, typically interpreted as transgressive deposits, exhibit multiple magnetic reversals indicating they accumulated in >105 years. By reviewing modern post‐glacial systems, sequence stratigraphic concepts and principles of sedimentology, we suggest that cap dolostones are not restricted to the transgression but rather represent sediment starvation following a major landward shoreline migration associated with the demise of Snowball Earth. Thus, the duration in which cap dolostone accumulated is not directly coupled to the timescale of the Snowball Earth deglaciation. 相似文献
77.
Alasdair Skelton Alexandre Peillod Johannes Glodny Iwona Klonowska Carolina Mnbro Karin Lodin Uwe Ring 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(3):359-381
Eclogites, blueschists and greenschists are found in close proximity to one another along a 1‐km coastal section where the Cyclades Blueschist Unit (CBU) is exposed on SE Syros, Greece. Here, we show that the eclogites and blueschists experienced the same metamorphic history: prograde lawsonite blueschist facies metamorphism at 1.2–1.9 GPa and 410–530°C followed, at 43–38 Ma, by peak blueschist/eclogite facies metamorphism at 1.5–2.1 GPa and 520–580°C. We explain co‐existence of eclogites and blueschists by compositional variation probably reflecting original compositional layering. It is also shown that the greenschists record retrogression at 0.34 ± 0.21 GPa and T = 456 ± 68°C. This was spatially associated with a shear zone on a scales of 10–100‐m and veins on a scale of 1–10‐cm. Greenschist facies metamorphism ended at (or shortly after) 27 Ma. We thus infer a period of metamorphic quiescence after eclogite/blueschist facies metamorphism and before greenschist facies retrogression which lasted up to 11–16 million years. We suggest that this reflects an absence of metamorphic fluid flow at that time and conclude that greenschist facies retrogression only occurred when and where metamorphic fluids were present. From a tectonic perspective, our findings are consistent with studies showing that the CBU is (a) a high‐P nappe stack consisting of belts in which high‐P metamorphism and exhumation occurred at different times and (b) affected by greenschist facies metamorphism during the Oligocene, prior to the onset of regional tectonic extension. 相似文献
78.
Uwe Leuenhagen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,238(1):75-78
The optical spectra of the seven late-type Wolf-Rayet central stars NGC-40 (PNG 120.0+09.8, subtype [WC8]), He 2-99 (PNG 309.0–04.2, [WC9]), BD+30°3639 (PN G 064.7+05.0, [WC9]), CPD-56°8032 (PNG 332.9–09.9, [WC11]), He2-113 (PNG 321.0+03.9, [WC11]), M4-18 (PNG 146.7+07.6, [WC11]) and K2-16 (PNG 352.9+11.4, [WC11]) are analyzed by means of spherically expanding model atmospheres. The NLTE simulations account for the elements hydrogen, helium, carbon and oxygen. As main results effective temperature, element abundances and final velocity of the wind are determined for each star. Assuming distances or luminosities for the objects, also the stellar radii and the mass-loss rates can be fixed. The results of these analyses establish empirical constraints for the evolutionary status of WC-type central stars as post-AGB objects and provide input for modeling their planetary nebulae. 相似文献
79.
Matyasovszky István Makra László Tusnády Gábor Csépe Zoltán Nyúl László G. Chapman Daniel S. Sümeghy Zoltán Szűcs Gábor Páldy Anna Magyar Donát Mányoki Gergely Erostyák János Bodnár Károly Bergmann Karl-Christian Deák Áron József Thibaudon Michel Albertini Roberto Bonini Maira Šikoparija Branko Radišić Predrag Gehrig Regula Rybníček Ondřej Severova Elena Rodinkova Victoria Prikhodko Alexander Maleeva Anna Stjepanović Barbara Ianovici Nicoleta Berger Uwe Seliger Andreja Kofol Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta Šaulienė Ingrida Shalaboda Valentina Yankova Raina Peternel Renata Ščevková Jana Bullock James M. 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):277-295
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The drivers of spatial variation in ragweed pollen concentrations, contributing to severe allergic rhinitis and asthma, are poorly quantified. We analysed the... 相似文献
80.
A sedimentological study of two dimitic lakes in North-Eastern Germany provided a record of anthropogenic impacts and historical
changes of water quality. The upper 50 cm sediment profiles were compared for major nutrients and selected major trace elements.
The sediments were dated by 210Pb and 137Cs measurement. The upper 50 cm sediment profiles represent approximately the last 100 years of history in both lakes. Element
analyses show different characteristic stratigraphic patterns in both lakes. Based on the nutrient and metal stratification,
three characteristic time periods can be documented for both lakes. In addition to agricultural use of the catchment area,
atmospheric pollution greatly influenced the metal concentration in the sediment layers. Variation in the external loading
and redox conditions in the hypolimnion explain the variation in the composition and accumulation of metals in the sediment
stratigraphy. No increases or changes in the trophic level of either lake could be documented based on the accumulation of
the nutrients C, N and P. The ratio of Fe/Mn and Fe/Ca characterized the changing redox conditions. The stratigraphy of Pb
and Zn agrees with the historical variation in atmospheric pollution and confirms literature values for Central and North
Europe. The drop in Pb and Zn over the last 10–15 years is a regional effect in North-Eastern Germany. 相似文献