Some Suggested Future Directions ofQuantitative Resource Assessments

Like most journeys, success depends critically on wherewe are going to be in the end. Thus, if we are to have someideas about future directions of quantitative assessments ofmineral resources, we need some basic understanding of whatthe assessments will be used for. What will be expected ofquantitative resource assessments in the future? It would behelpful to identify who will use these future assessments, howthe assessments will be used, and what are acceptable forms ofproducts. The purpose o…     

地质学的最新成就——29届世界地质大会的开幕词

我们正处在人类历史上一个非常重要的转折点.在这段时间里,我们要重新确定人类进一步发展的方向.刚刚结束的联合国92年里约热内庐环境与发展大会已经清楚地认识到现在和未来威胁全社会的主要问题。人类大约需要十万代的繁衍才能达到现在50亿的     

The Songpan-Garze Massif: Its Relation to the QinlingFold Belt and Yangtze Platform and Developmental History

Whether there existed the Songpan-Garze massif is a controversial problem. This paper expounds and proves that the old basement of the massif is represented by the pre-Sinian granitic rock series. This massif and the South Qinling fold belt might both be a part of the old Yangtze platform. Rifting generated by the Caledonian orogeny in the terminal Early Palaeozoic caused the massif to be disintegrated from the northwestern part of the Yangtze platform. This disintegration, however, was not thorough, and the rift troughs were later gradually closed and filled up. The Emei taphrogeny that was initiated in the Early Permian Maokou' an Stage involved a second disintegration of this massif from the Yangtze platform. The rift line largely goes along the Muli-Pingwu line. This rifting belongs to synchronous extensional rifting at peripheries of the Yangtze platform and in its interior, showing that the posterior, lateral and interior extension resulting from rapid northward shift of the Yangtze platform led t     

World population in a grid of spherical quadrilaterals

"We report on a project that converted subnational population data to a raster of cells on the earth. We note that studies using satellites as collection devices yield results indexed by latitude and longitude. Thus it makes sense to assemble the terrestrial arrangement of people in a compatible manner. This alternative is explored here, using latitude/longitude quadrilaterals as bins for population information.... The results to date of putting world boundary coordinates together with estimates of the number of people are described. The estimated 1994 population of 219 countries, subdivided into 19,032 polygons, has been assigned to over six million five minute by five minute quadrilaterals covering the world."     

末次间冰期之后劳伦和科迪勒拉冰盖的形成与发展

末次冰期年代确定中的一个基本问题是能被应用于确定事件年代而又大于放射性碳的测定限度的可靠的测年方法太少，最近10-20a来新测试技术的发展和应用已加深了我们对晚第四纪事件的了解，然而，对于确定事件的年代和分析这些事件依然受到限制．     

Anthropogenic influence on the organic fraction of sediments in two contrasting estuaries: a biochemical approach

Abundance and biochemical composition of organic materials in sediments of the estuaries of Mundaka and Bilbao (SE Bay of Biscay) were analysed to assess the effect of organic wastes released to these systems. Organic and labile contents were higher in the sediments of Bilbao, denoting organic enrichment with poorly decomposed materials by human dumping. Spatially, organic matter distribution skewed seaward in Bilbao and upward in Mundaka, in agreement with the location of major point sources of sewage. Labile material, proteins and protein:carbohydrate ratio showed upward increases in both estuaries, attributed to the oxygen restrictive conditions to decompose organic materials. Vertical distribution of organic components into sediments reflected the history of human activities. In Bilbao, the significant reduction of organic and labile compounds, and the decrease of protein:carbohydrate values in top layers seem a result of recent remedial actions to reduce urban sewage inputs and improve environmental conditions. Higher contributions of proteins and lipids were associated with anthropogenic materials, and higher contributions of carbohydrates with autochthonous materials. High protein:carbohydrate values indicate poorly decomposed materials of human origin. The close relationship of carbohydrates with chloropigments in Mundaka suggests that phytobenthic populations and derived detritus contributed to a greater extent to the organic fraction in this estuary.     

地震灾害防御工作的进展

概述了国际减灾十年所取得的地震及其灾害防御的部分知识,重点介绍了地震灾害防御的一些思路和抗震减损方法应用于基础设施的效果,分析了城市社区防震准备的效能,并简述了地震风险投资等问题。     

乌塔尔卡希地震的氡记录

用两种不同的方法可记录到土壤气体和地下水中氡的时空分布。根据喜马拉雅山脉地震规划，在阿姆利则的一个地方和坎格拉谷的４个地方建立了氡观测台站。用径迹蚀刻法测得氡一周或两周的累积量，而射气测量法可用于土壤和地下水中每天氡活动性的测量。