气象因子对哈密市大气可吸入颗粒物浓度的影响分析

采用2007-2008年哈密市气象及环境数据,分析可吸入颗粒物(PM10)对哈密市空气质量的影响以及风速风向、沙尘天气、降水、气温、气压、相对湿度与PM10浓度的相互关系.结果表明:哈密市的首要污染物为可吸入颗粒物.偏西风能够明显增大PM1o浓度.当平均风速＜2.0 m/s时,随着风速的增大PM10浓度逐渐减小;平均风...     

秦岭伏牛山构造带的矿物岩石学特征与流变学分析

本文通过对伏牛山构造带岩石的矿物岩石学、石英重结晶型式、石英分维值和有限应变等特征分析研究,认为伏牛山构造带的变质-变形深受洛南-栾川断裂带的影响,其变化有明显的规律性,从断裂带往北岩石从糜棱岩依次过渡为片岩-片麻岩-花岗岩原岩.构造带内发育多种糜棱岩,岩石变形强烈,远离构造带岩石的变形逐渐变弱.从构造带往北,石英的重...     

龙门山断裂带变形特征

野外构造解析和地震遗址的构造应力分析显示,龙门山断裂带在新生代早期对应于当时的南东-北西主压应力场,发育了北北东向的左旋走滑构造体系,其后才被具有右旋兼具逆冲的龙门山断裂带叠加改造,对应的近东西向构造主压应力场一直延续至今,是区内地震构造的应力场机制。龙门山断裂带河流岩屑磷灰石裂变径迹分析显示,龙门山断裂带在走向上位移量有显著的差别,呈现正态分布的整体趋势。依照龙门山隆起剥蚀单调冷却的热史特征,判定前述两期变形的转换时限是40 Ma前后。结合龙门山断裂带地层厚度和变形时的深度模型,认为现今龙门山断裂带是一个宽达数十千米的大型走滑断裂带,剖面上呈现花状构造特征。近地表的逆冲构造是薄皮构造,并由此建立了龙门山断裂带走滑变形的深度变形样式模型。     

秦岭商丹断裂带南侧弧前沉积体的变形特征及其构造意义

本文选取秦岭商丹断裂带以南,南秦岭刘岭群以北的弧前沉积体为研究对象,研究扬子板块向北秦岭俯冲的运动学特征。这套弧前沉积体产状北倾,矿物拉伸线理为倾向线理,岩片强烈褶皱,断裂发育,表现出由北向南逆冲的运动学特征。利用糜棱岩与云母石英片岩中矿物变形温度计,结合石英C轴组构估算岩石变形温度集中在400℃～550℃之间。结合其所处的构造位置,本文认为这套强烈变形的岩石构造组合体形成于秦岭古岛弧弧前沉积背景,在扬子板块向北秦岭俯冲过程中,北秦岭沿着商丹带由北向南逆冲形成。后期又遭受商丹韧性剪切带左行走滑活动的改造。     

Accumulation of trace elements in paddy topsoil of the Wudang County, Southwest China: parent materials and anthropogenic controls

The properties of soils derived from carbonate rock, red residua, and sand-shale in Guizhou province, China are essentially different. However, the effects of parent material and anthropogenic activities on the concentration of trace elements when the soils are converted into paddy soils are unknown. A total of 319 paddy topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in a typical region to determine their relative contribution to the concentrations of trace elements in the soil. The results indicated that the contents of trace elements were far beyond the uncultivated soil background and the input of organic fertilizers was presumably responsible for accumulation of trace elements. In addition, principal component analysis showed that the first component included Cd, Cr, and As, which strongly associated with anthropogenic activities. Pb and Hg formed the second component, which related to both parent materials and anthropogenic input. Furthermore, the Cr and Hg contents in paddy soil derived from carbonate rock have higher values than other types of soils partly because of the high background values as well as slightly alkaline condition. In the paddy soil derived from red residua, high physical clay content accounted for enrichment of Pb.     

Community structure of epiphytic algae on three different macrophytes at Acarlar floodplain forest （northern Turkey）

The aim of this study was to determine the species composition, biodiversity and, relative abundance of epiphytic algae and their relationship with environmental variables on three different macrophytes( Nymphaea alba, Ceratophyllum demersum, Typha latifolia) at Acarlar Floodplain Forest(AFF). Epiphytic algae were gathered monthly by collecting aquatic plants between November 2011 and October 2012, except in winter when there were no plants. In this study, 67 taxa on N. alba, 66 taxa on C. demersum and 66 taxa on T. latifolia were identified as epiphytic algae. The mean value of species richness was 17, that of diversity was 1.5 and that of evenness was 0.54 for epiphytic algae on N. alba, 17, 1.1, and 0.39 on C. demersum, and 18, 1.64, and 0.56 on T. latifolia, respectively. Oscillatoria sp. and Komvophoron crassum(Vozzen) Anagnostidis and Komárek were the most abundant and consistent epiphytic algal species, occurring in high abundance on all macrophytes. Results show that species composition of epiphytic algae was different, but diversity values were similar on all the macrophytes. The hydrological pulse is one of the most important factors determining the physical and chemical environment of the epiphytic algal community. However, substrate type also affected the colonization by F. capucina, O. sancta, P. catenata, and L. truncicola more than the epiphytic algal seasonality.     

面向服务的地学多源数据虚拟整合及其可视化分析

科学数据共享的推进,给科研人员带来了前所未有的科研契机,但是依然没有摆脱"搜集数据-下载数据-整理分析数据"的科研流程,这种传统的科研流程已经严重阻碍了科研效率的产出,科研人员对信息和知识的需求已经远远大于对数据本身的需求,而要实现对信息和知识的挖掘,多源数据的实时整合与在线可视化分析是其关键。本文选择社会经济研究主题,以中国社会经济统计数据、国家基础地理行政区划矢量数据为例,并结合ESRI和Google的全球地图与影像服务,采用在线虚拟整合的方法,探讨了面向服务的地学多源数据集成方案及其可视化分析,以期达到快速的知识发现与信息获取。研究结果表明:面向服务的技术架构虽然已经成熟,相对于传统的数据共享和应用系统在数据接口开放性、集成性和应用扩展性等方面具有明显的优势,能够切实解决多源异构数据的整合问题,但是技术的成熟并不等于应用的成熟,广泛而成熟的应用不但需要技术的支撑,更需要友好和智能的操作界面,这方面还需要较长的时间去探索。从本文的应用实例来看,在面向服务技术的深入应用过程中,还存在着不同来源数据单位不统一、操作流程复杂、服务规范不统一等问题。同时,在不同类型服务的标准化、操作智能化和多源服务的功能应用模块化等方面还需要大量的实践,才能进一步推进地学信息化科研环境的建设,以全方位为科研人员服务。     

青海玉树7.1级地震异常及其思考

玉树7.1级地震前,青海南部—西藏东部大范围区域存在6级、5级及ML4级地震空区,主震前130 min发生了4.7级直接前震。2009年11月以来,青海境内又显现多项较为突出的前兆观测异常。总结认为这些异常应属玉树7.1级地震异常。尤其是多震级档地震空区配套出现,表明该区应力处于逐级闭锁状态,对大震孕育区域有很好的指示意义,可作为今后大震跟踪的重要依据。     

全运会期间713雷达一次天线追摆故障的分析与诊断

天线追摆超标是雷达天控系统出现的一种较为严重的故障,不仅会降低雷达天线的控制精度,还会磨损天线伺服系统的机械结构。对山东省菏泽市气象局的CTL-713C天气雷达在全运会期间出现的一次天线追摆故障进行了分析与处理。根据角度信号的流程对713雷达天线控制电路进行分析,通过关键节点的实时数据和常态数据相比较,确定故障部位。最终在既保证天线控制的前提下又使天线追摆满足雷达指标的要求,顺利排除了故障。此次故障排除过程充分体现了信号流程分析法在雷达故障处理中的重要性。     

黄河中游一次MCC致洪暴雨综合诊断分析

为了提高对MCC致洪暴雨的预报和预警能力,利用卫星云图、MICAPS系统提供的资料以及多普勒雷达资料,对2006年7月2日黄河中游发生的一次中尺度对流复合体(MCC)和黄河中游暴雨天气过程进行了大尺度环境场和物理量的诊断分析以及三维流场结构分析.结果表明:MCC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;对流层中低层深厚暖湿切变辐合的形成,配合对流层高层急流分支出口处生成中-α尺度强辐散、对流层低层华北冷空气南下倒灌锋生产生的动力抬升作用,形成有利于MCC生成发展的环流背景;MCC发生在高能、弱对流不稳定区;700hPa西南低空急流、850hPa分支南风气流为MCC的生成发展提供了充足的水汽和能量;涡度场和散度场的耦合、强烈上升运动的形成,成为MCC发生发展和维持的动力机制;多普勒雷达径向速度场显示,东南低空急流、配合西南低空急流的生成和稳定,西南低空急流左侧有气旋性辐合的维持、配合对流层中高层径向强辐散,构成MCC致洪暴雨的三维流场结构.