海岸环境中两类软质微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取方法比较与优化

微塑料因粒径小、比表面积大,可作为重金属、有机污染物以及病原微生物的载体。已有研究表明,微塑料表面附着的微生物主要以生物膜的形式存在。本研究以山东省海岸带环境中常见的两类软质塑料——发泡类聚苯乙烯（expanded polystyrene,EPS）和聚乙烯薄膜（polyethylene films,PE）为研究对象,比较了MP FastDNA®和MOBIO PowerSoil®两种DNA提取试剂盒对微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取效果,探讨了不同的微塑料粒径和数量对DNA提取效果的影响。结果表明,MP FastDNA®试剂盒对两种软质微塑料表面生物膜DNA的提取浓度显著低于MOBIO PowerSoil®试剂盒（1.0~12.5倍）。采用MP FastDNA®试剂盒提取的PE表面DNA的浓度约为EPS的1.3~4.4倍。当微塑料数量不大于20片时,小粒径（1~3 mm）的EPS表面生物膜DNA浓度显著高于大粒径（3~5 mm） EPS,而对于PE薄膜则相反。对于两种粒径的EPS,微塑料表面DNA浓度均随着微塑料数量的增加而显著增加,但对于小粒径（1~3 mm）的PE薄膜,DNA浓度随微塑料数量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;而大粒径（3~5 mm）的PE薄膜表面DNA浓度随微塑料数量的增加而降低。微塑料的粒径和数量对其表面DNA提取效果影响的差异与微塑料的类型及其理化性质有关。本研究可为海洋与海岸环境中微塑料表面微生物群落组成与多样性研究提供方法支撑。     

秦岭伏牛山构造带的矿物岩石学特征与流变学分析

本文通过对伏牛山构造带岩石的矿物岩石学、石英重结晶型式、石英分维值和有限应变等特征分析研究,认为伏牛山构造带的变质-变形深受洛南-栾川断裂带的影响,其变化有明显的规律性,从断裂带往北岩石从糜棱岩依次过渡为片岩-片麻岩-花岗岩原岩.构造带内发育多种糜棱岩,岩石变形强烈,远离构造带岩石的变形逐渐变弱.从构造带往北,石英的重...     

青海玉树7.1级地震异常及其思考

玉树7.1级地震前,青海南部—西藏东部大范围区域存在6级、5级及ML4级地震空区,主震前130 min发生了4.7级直接前震。2009年11月以来,青海境内又显现多项较为突出的前兆观测异常。总结认为这些异常应属玉树7.1级地震异常。尤其是多震级档地震空区配套出现,表明该区应力处于逐级闭锁状态,对大震孕育区域有很好的指示意义,可作为今后大震跟踪的重要依据。     

内蒙古阿尔善地区土壤地球化学异常特征及找矿意义

内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿尔善地区位于兴安岭成矿带西伯利亚板块南缘东乌旗早华力西褶皱带（Ⅱ2）内。区内矿产资源丰富,主要有铁、铅、锌、银、铜、金、钼多金属等重要矿产的资源。本次1：5万土壤地球化学测量以取得显著的地球化学普查信息为基础、以勘查地球化学理论、区域成矿理论和遥感地质理论并结合已有物化探成果为指导,在综合分析研究调查...     

1986年8月26日门源6.4级地震震害及烈度分布

1.前言1986年8月26日,青海省门源县境内发生了6.4级地震。地震发生后,青海省地震局与兰州地震研究所联合对震区进行了宏观考察。但由于自然条件所限,未能进入极震区。在这以后,青海省地震局、兰州地震研究所、青海省地质局联合组队,再次深入震区进行考察,确定了宏观震中及地震裂缝带,圈划了极震区等震线。本文主要以第二次考察所取得的资料为基础,论述和分析了这次地震极震区的地质震害类型和分布特征以及烈度分布特征。     

微分溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中微量铜

在０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ－１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ－０．１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸介质中，用电流氧化微分溶出计时电位法直接测定地质物料中微量Ｃｕ。富集电位－０．５５Ｖ，时间２０～４０ｓ；电极转速２５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ；溶出电流０．２～１μＡ；记录电位范围－０．２～－１．２０Ｖ；清洗电位－０．１０Ｖ，时间１０ｓ。方法检出限０．２μｇ／ｇ，线性范围２～４００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１１，４．１μｇ／     

The Research and Practice of Professional Knowledge Sharing and Service: A Case Study of the Geography,Resources,and Ecology Knowledge Service System

Knowledge Sharing and Service is one effective way to eliminate knowledge poverty and promote social development. Existing knowledge sharing and service is mainly provided in some organizations or specific social groups. Besides, a knowledge sharing and service system about geography, natural resources and ecology has not been reported. We proposed a public welfare professional knowledge-sharing and service platform for all members of society in geography, natural resources and ecology. The construction of a knowledge-sharing and service platform is based on five aspects of work: analysis of user requirements, setting standards and drafting policies, aggregating knowledge resources, the technical realization and the maintenance of service. Knowledge resources can be aggregated by using a “two-step” strategy. A knowledge-sharing and service system can be implemented by using “four-tier” structures that are comprised of resources, resource access, application and service, based on the Hadoop-distributed cluster architecture. It has been proven that adhering to the idea of co-building and co-sharing, and using the mechanism of “payment is equal to benefit” can effectively promote the gathering of knowledge resources, and arouse the enthusiasm of all members of society to participate in knowledge sharing and service, to achieve the objective of narrowing the knowledge gap between social groups.     

Pressure enhancement associated with meridional flow in high-speed solar wind: possible evidence for an interplanetary magnetic flux rope

A sizable total-pressure (magnetic pressure plus kinetic pressure) enhancement was found within the high-speed wind stream observed by Helios 2 in 1976 near 0.3 AU. The proton density and temperature and the magnetic magnitude simultaneously increased for about 6 h. This pressure rise was associated with a comparatively large southward now velocity component (with V_z – 100 km · s^–1) and magnetic-field rotation. The pressure enhancement was associated with unusual features in the electron distribution function. It shows a wide angular distribution of electron counting rates in the low-energy (57.8 eV) channel, while previous to the enhancement it exhibits a wide angular distribution of electron count rate in the high-energy (112, 221 and 309 eV) channels, perhaps indicating the mirroring of electrons in the converging field lines of the background magnetic field. These fluid and kinetic phenomena may be explained as resulting from an interplanetary magnetic flux rope which is not fully convected by the flow but moves against the background wind towards the Sun.     

联合重力异常和重力垂直梯度异常数据反演皇帝山海域海底地形

海底地形对开展海洋科学调查和研究十分重要。以多波束为主的回声测深技术测量成本高且效率低,几十年来仅实现了全球约20%的海床测绘。对于空白区（特别是深海区域）,可以借助重力异常和重力垂直梯度异常进行回归分析反演得到,但该方法得到的比例因子鲁棒性不强。为了解决这一问题,同时考虑到两种重力数据在表征海底地形长短波长的不同优势,本文结合滑动窗口赋权和稳健回归分析来反演海底地形。在太平洋皇帝山海域（35°～45°N,165°～175°E）的实验结果表明：在船测检核点处,本文构建模型的标准差为61.02 m,相比于单一重力数据反演模型,精度分别提高了14.92%（重力异常）和2.08%（重力垂直梯度异常）,能较好地反映皇帝海山链的地形走势。     

井底钻进过程与孕镶金刚石钻头自锐性的关系

孕镶钻头的自锐性是保证钻头能继续有效钻进的基本条件。钻杆柱的纵向振动和钻头底唇面上出刃的随机性使得多个扇形块的高度有差异;并且轴向压力集中在高的扇形块上,故使钻头易于自锐。唇面上的金刚石在交变载荷下的碎裂和液流中的岩粉对胎体的磨逝,使新的金刚石裸露,乃是钻进时的重要井底过程,也是孕镶钻头的自锐过程。