Environmental geochemistry and ecological risk of vanadium pollution in Panzhihua mining and smelting area, Sichuan, China

1 Introduction Vanadium (V) is a relatively abundant elemenwhich is widely distributed in nature; howeverworkable V deposits are very rare (World HealthOrganization, 2001). Vanadium is a trace elementwhich may be beneficial and possibly essential fohuman…     

新疆西昆仑早古生代侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

南华纪-早古生代是昆仑山地区洋-陆转换阶段,区域上沿柯岗-库地-其曼于特-带扩张形成古昆仑洋盆。大规模的俯冲消减发生在奥陶纪（481～440Ma,俯冲型侵入岩发育）,志留纪的造山作用结束了洋的演化历程。通过对西昆仑阿喀孜一带侵入岩岩石地球化学特征、LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb定年的研究,重塑了本区构造演化过程,将该区早古生代侵入岩细分为晚寒武世壳幔混源序列、晚奥陶世壳幔混源序列和晚志留世壳幔混源序列,从晚寒武世～晚志留世侵入岩显示以下特征：岩石铝饱和指数（A／CNK）值介于（O．86～1．23）,具有由偏基性向偏酸性演化趋势;球粒标准化REE配分曲线成近平行曲线簇,稀土总量∑REE（228．96—379．39）显著增高,而OEu（0．79→0．16）降低,表明岩浆分异增大,Eu负异常明显加深,地壳成熟度提高;微量元素显示出富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）。结合侵人岩形成的大地构造环境,该期早古生代侵入岩形成于西昆仑地块北缘古昆仑洋盆的俯冲-消减-闭合,塔里木陆块与西昆仑地块陆一陆碰撞造山阶段,为研究该区古昆仑洋消减一消亡构造演化提供了最新的地质资料。     

汉江下游河流渗滤系统原生劣质地下水分布特征及影响因素研究

江汉平原原生劣质地下水问题日趋严重,地下水中砷、亚铁、锰、铵态氮含量严重超标,对居民生产生活和饮用水安全造成了不利影响,但相关研究仍较为薄弱。以汉江下游典型河流渗滤系统为研究对象,对研究区内距离汉江5 km及主要支流2 km范围内的地下水样品的水化学成分及原生劣质组分进行测试分析,旨在查明江汉下游河流渗滤系统原生劣质地下水的分布特征,并探讨其主要影响因素。结果显示:平面上,地下水原生劣质组分呈高度空间异质性,相邻的采样点浓度可能相差很大,极大值点多出现在河流拐弯处;垂向上,地下水中As、Fe²⁺、Mn、NH₄-N高值多出现在20 m左右的深度;强烈的还原环境、中性pH值和富含有机质是该层地下水富集原生劣质组分的主要原因;河流渗滤通过改变地下水的氧化还原条件、酸碱条件和有机质含量影响河流渗滤系统原生劣质地下水的分布。     

三峡库区仙女山和九畹溪断裂带水库地震变化规律

三峡库区蓄水以来,长江周边出现了大量的水库地震,主要集中于巴东—泄滩—仙女山区域,目前已达上万次,最大震级为5.1级。通过野外地质调查及对已有水库地震数据进行研究,采用构造地质分析方法,对三峡库区仙女山和九畹溪断裂带水库地震空间上的迁移规律、时间上的周期规律以及微地震群的成因机理进行分析。结果表明：从时间上看,水库地震具有周期性,表现为长周期（与库水位相关）和短周期（与库水位快速波动相关）;从空间上看,水库地震具有迁移规律,受九畹溪断裂控制的触发型水库地震存在着逐渐向南迁移的特征,受仙女山断裂控制的触发型水库地震局限分布于仙女山断裂北延端点处,分布于仙女山断裂西侧（周坪乡附近）带状分布的水库诱发地震逐渐呈点状向南迁移。     

新疆萨热克铜矿床铼-锇同位素年龄及其地质意义

新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿床是萨热克巴依盆地近年来新发现的大型铜矿床,主成矿期与富有机质还原性盆地流体有关,铜矿石中的沥青-辉铜矿样品钼含量和铼-锇含量较高。其辉铜矿的w(Mo)为0.02%~0.03%,平均0.027%;w(Re)为6.066~5223 ng/g,w(Os)为0.0173~1.0063 ng/g。含辉铜矿沥青样品中的w(Re)为41.543~70.986 ng/g,w(Os)为0.1327~0.2118 ng/g。文章通过沥青-辉铜矿铼锇同位素定年,获得了3组成矿模式年龄和一组等时线年龄,结合矿床地质特征和矿石样品的矿物组合把该矿床的主成矿期划分为3个成矿阶段:(1)早成矿阶段(180±3)Ma~(220±3)Ma;(2)主成矿阶段(166.3±2.8)Ma和(3)晚成矿阶段(116.4±2.1)Ma~(136.1±2.6)Ma。研究结果表明,萨热克铜矿床中的辉铜矿最早形成于上三叠世—下侏罗世,可能主要呈微细粒状存在于富有机质还原性盆地流体中并随其进行迁移,辉铜矿大量重结晶沉淀成矿则形成于晚侏罗世之后,直至早白垩世结束。萨热克铜矿床这种成矿流体的长期活动可能与盆地深部隐伏基性岩浆的长期活动有关。     

Review: Water–rock interactions and related eco-environmental effects in typical land subsidence zones of China

Land subsidence is common in some regions of China. Various eco-environmental problems have arisen due to changes in water–rock interactions in these subsided areas, for which a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological setting is needed. This paper presents the general status of land subsidence in three typical subsided areas of China through the compilation of relevant data, and reviews some typical changes in the water–rock interactions in subsided areas along with related eco-environmental issues. It is found that the subsidence development and distribution are controlled by the groundwater-withdrawal intensity externally, and by the thickness and compressibility of unconsolidated sediments internally. The physical changes and related effects of water–rock interactions in subsided areas include: (1) the decreased ground elevation that caused floods, waterlogged farmland, etc.; (2) the differential subsidence that caused ground fissures; and (3) the change of seepage field that caused substantial reduction of the water resource. Chemically, the changes and related effects of water–rock interactions include: (1) the change to the chemical environment or processes due to the hydrogeologic structure alteration, which caused groundwater pollution; and (2) hydrologic mixing (seawater intrusion, artificial recharge; exchange with adjacent aquifers or aquitards), which degraded the groundwater quality. Further research on the subsided areas in China is suggested to reveal the mechanisms regarding biological and gaseous (meteorological) changes from the perspective of interacting systems among water, rocks, biological agents and gases.     

Contrasting vertical distribution between prokaryotes and fungi in different water masses on the Ninety-East Ridge,Southern Indian Ocean

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Although the microbial diversity of the Indian Ocean has been extensively investigated, little is known about the community composition of microbes in the...     

Hydrodynamic Links between Shallow and Deep Mineralization Systems and Implications for Deep Mineral Exploration

Deep mineral exploration is increasingly important for finding new mineral resources but there are many uncertainties.Understanding the factors controlling the ...     

Evaluating rainfall patterns using physics scheme ensembles from a regional atmospheric model

This study evaluated the ability of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) multi-physics ensembles to simulate storm systems known as East Coast Lows (ECLs). ECLs are intense low-pressure systems that develop off the eastern coast of Australia. These systems can cause significant damage to the region. On the other hand, the systems are also beneficial as they generate the majority of high inflow to coastal reservoirs. It is the common interest of both hazard control and water management to correctly capture the ECL features in modeling, in particular, to reproduce the observed spatial rainfall patterns. We simulated eight ECL events using WRF with 36 model configurations, each comprising physics scheme combinations of two planetary boundary layer (pbl), two cumulus (cu), three microphysics (mp), and three radiation (ra) schemes. The performance of each physics scheme combination and the ensembles of multiple physics scheme combinations were evaluated separately. Results show that using the ensemble average gives higher skill than the median performer within the ensemble. More importantly, choosing a composite average of the better performing pbl and cu schemes can substantially improve the representation of high rainfall both spatially and quantitatively.