基于拟准检定的实时单站GPS提取同震速度的改进算法研究

提出了一种基于拟准检定的实时单站GPS载波相位观测数据历元间差分提取同震速度的改进算法.改进算法将实时高频历元差分数据质量控制作为同震速度准确提取的重要保障,对原始高频数据中的小周跳和粗差十分敏感,且能够有效地估计小周跳和粗差,从而抵抗它们对同震速度估计的不良影响;另外,改进算法还简化了数据处理流程,也使得利用广播星历单站提取同震速度、监测地震形变的算法更为稳健.选取了2011年3月11日日本大地震距离震中140 km的MIZU站1 Hz高频GPS观测数据和广播星历来测试改进算法.结果表明：拟准检定法具有更好的小周跳与粗差自动定位和估计性能,改进算法利用广播星历求得的同震速度与事后动态精密单点定位结果表现出很好的一致性.     

Modeling soil erosion using a spatially distributed model in a karst catchment of northwest Guangxi,China

Reliable assessment of the spatial distribution of soil erosion is important for making land management decisions, but it has not been thoroughly evaluated in karst geo‐environments. The objective of this study was to modify a physically based, spatially distributed erosion model, the revised Morgan, Morgan and Finney (RMMF) model, to estimate the superficial (as opposed to subsurface creep) soil erosion rates and their spatial patterns in a 1022 ha karst catchment in northwest Guangxi, China. Model parameters were calculated using local data in a raster geographic information system (GIS) framework. The cumulative runoff on each grid cell, as an input to the RMMF model for erosion computations, was computed using a combined flow algorithm that allowed for flow into multiple cells with a transfer grid considering infiltration and runoff seepage to the subsurface. The predicted spatial distributions of soil erosion rates were analyzed relative to land uses and slope zones. Results showed that the simulated effective runoff and annual soil erosion rates of hillslopes agreed well with the field observations and previous quantified redistribution rates with caesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs). The estimated average effective runoff and annual erosion rate on hillslopes of the study catchment were 18 mm and 0.27 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1 during 2006–2007. Human disturbances played an important role in accelerating soil erosion rates with the average values ranged from 0.1 to 3.02 Mg ha^?1 yr^?1 for different land uses. The study indicated that the modified model was effective to predict superficial soil erosion rates in karst regions and the spatial distribution results could provide useful information for developing local soil and water conservation plans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Control of differential tectonic evolution on petroleum occurrence in Bohai Bay Basin

The Bohai Bay Basin(BBB)is the most petroliferous Cenozoic basin in the east of China.It consists of seven depressions.Each depression has been subjected to different stress states and then has experienced varying faulting processes since the Neogene,especially during the Neotectonism(from the Pliocene to the present).On the basis of the investigation of fault patterns,fault densities and fault activity rates(FARs)for each depression,this paper demonstrates the discrepancy of faulting development and evolution across the BBB.The dynamic mechanism for the differences in faulting is also discussed by the analysis of the regional stress state.The Bozhong Depression is just situated in the transtensional zone induced by the two active strike-slip faults,namely Yingkou-Weifang and Beijing-Penglai.In this depression,the major faults which cut through the Paleogene or the Cenozoic have had higher than 10 m/Ma FARs since the Neogene,and the highest FARs have reached or exceeded 25 m/Ma during the Neotectonism.As a result,most of the petroleum has migrated along these major faults and accumulated within the Neogene.In contrast,in the other depressions of the BBB away from the Bozhong Depression,the FARs of the major faults were decreased to lower than 10 m/Ma since the Neogene,and tended to be zero during the Neotectonism.Therefore,the major faults could not serve as vertical conduits for petroleum migration,and the petroleum was entrapped in the Paleogene.Consequently,the faulting since the Neogene,especially during the Neotectonism,controlled the petroleum richness in vertical strata.     

差动输出型力平衡加速度传感器设计与噪声测试

改进力平衡加速度传感器的机械设计和电路设计,使其幅频特性、动态范围、噪声等性能具有较大提升,且稳定性较好。该产品的实际测试结果证明其动态范围达到130 dB,能够满足强震动监测需求。     

所罗门群岛及周边海域M≥7.4级地震时空对称性分析

对重大自然灾害趋势判断的时空对称分析方法进行总结,利用该方法研究了所罗门群岛俯冲带强震的时空变化特征,对该区的未来强震做出趋势判断。结果表明:1强震活动与区域地质活动关系密切,历史强震均发生在俯冲带一侧。2强震活动在时间分布上具有可公度性。所罗门群岛地区在2015年发生7.4级以上地震的信号较强,蝴蝶结构图表明2015年发生M≥7.4级强震的概率为46.7%,不漏报水平43.75%。3在空间分布上,强震震中呈东西对称跃移,且具有沿板块边界运动的特点。震中跃移具有规律的经纬对称性和经纬同步性,在经度上以160°E为对称轴摆动,在纬度上以10°S为对称轴上下摆动。根据震中跃移的空间对称和最小作用量原理判断,下一次地震的震中位置在纬度上可能逼近9.5°S以北位置,在经度上可能逼近160°E以西的位置。     

Molecular Cloning and Expression ofPoIR2, a Novel Gene Involved in Immune Response in Japanese Flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）

A novel immune-related gene was expressed in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) injected with Vibrio anguillarum. The complete cDNA contained a 169 bp 5’UTR, a 336 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 111 amino acids and a 556bp 3’UTR. Six exons and five introns were identified in the PoIR2 gene. Blastp similarity comparison showed its encoding protein had 50% similarity to Danio rerio neuromedin S (NMS), but further alignment indicated they did not have NMS C-terminal conservational signature domain. So it was not defined as an NMS homologue. Protein structure analysis indicated it had a 26aa signal peptide and was a secretory pathway protein. RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of PoIR2 was quickly induced and drastically increased in liver, kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart, and skeletal muscle after infected with V. anguillarum. These results indicated that the PoIR2 might play some important role in Japanese flounder immune response system. This gene was named PoIR2 (P.olivaceus immune-related gene 2, GenBank accession number: EU224372). The mature PoIR2 peptide was expressed in BL21(DE3) pLysS using pET-32a(+) vector and a great part of the recombinant mature peptide existed as soluble type.     

Relationship between the transition frequency of local fluid flow and the peak frequency of attenuation

Local fluid flow (LFF) at the mesoscopic scale is the main dissipation mechanism of seismic waves in heterogeneous porous media within the seismic frequency band. LFF is easily influenced by the structure and boundary conditions of the porous media, which leads to different behaviors of the peak frequency of attenuation. The associated transition frequency can provide detailed information about the trend of LFF; therefore, research on the transition frequency of LFF and its relationship with the peak frequency of the corresponding attenuation (i.e., inverse of quality factor) facilitates the detailed understanding of the effect of inner structures and boundary conditions in porous media. In this study, we firstly obtain the transition frequency of fluid flux based on Biot’s theory of poroelasticity and the fast Fourier transform algorithm in a sample containing one repeating unit cell (RUC). We then analyze changes of these two frequencies in porous media with different porous properties. Finally, we extend our analysis to the influence of the undrained boundary condition on the transition frequency and peak frequency in porous media with multiple RUCs. This setup can facilitate the understanding of the effect from the undrained boundary condition. Results demonstrate that these two frequencies have the same trend at low water saturation, but amplitude variations differ between the frequencies as the amount of saturation increases. However, for cases of high water saturation, both the trend and the amplitude variation of these two frequencies fit well with each other.     

盆地异常低压系统处置油田污水可行性

松辽盆地十屋断陷区油气分布复杂,勘探程度高,油田外排污水规模巨大,常规技术处理污水效果不理想。区内4 km以下部分地层呈负压态,若容储介质参数达到相应地质填埋标准,则可在工程实践中尝试应用。结合该区水文及地质资料,建立地下水流及污水污染物迁移数值模拟模型,模拟研究区低压系统入注污水时地下水流动特征及污染物的迁移规律,同时估算了系统空间污水容储量。在预测过程中,分析了断陷区负压形成机制及分布特点,同时结合虚拟粒子示踪及注水过程,对污水的环境影响度进行了预测。研究结果表明,十屋断陷异常低压区是一个天然污水封闭储藏区,系统地层压力梯度仅为0.005~0.008 MPa/m,容储量高达1.241×10⁸ m³,且污染物逃逸概率极小,非常适合油田污水的处置。     

测震台址勘选数据处理辅助程序设计与应用

针对测震台址勘选中数据处理的重要性和计算结果的真实性,避免在数据处理过程中因手工分析计算出现错误,通过深入分析手工计算流程,设计编写了一套辅助控制程序,配合EDSP-IAS和地噪声处理软件,实现勘选数据处理流程的自动运行与管理,避免因人为因素出现差错,为台址勘选实测地噪声值数据批处理提供便捷。该辅助程序可用于烈度速报新建台址勘选数据批处理工作。     

SDH中STM—1的部分同步复接技术的研究

本文根据CCITT第18研究组1988年6月提出的G·707、G·708和G·709三个建议草案,讨论了同步数字系列(SDH)中的用户负载复接技术,并按有关格式设计实现了4路C—31用户负载的复接器和分接器。